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Urogenital System > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Loop Diuretics?

A

Inhibition of Na+/ K+/2Cl- co- transport pump.

  • Inhibits counter-current mechn= significant dehydration.
  • Inhibits Ca and Mg ion reabsorption
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2
Q

What are the Loop Diuretic drugs?

A

Free - Furosemide/ Frusemide
Ethan - Ethacrynic acid
Today - Torsemide
Please- Piretandine

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3
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Loop Diuretics?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • HYPERrucemia
  • Metabolic alkalosis,
  • Impotence (vol depn)
  • Ototoxicity: Tinnitus & hearing loss (mainly with Ethacrynic acid)
  • Allergic Rxn: skin rash dermatitis
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4
Q

Which drug interaction with Loop Diuretics will cause a reduced diuretic efficacy?

A

NSAIDS

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5
Q

Which drug interaction with Loop diuretics will cause enhanced Hypokalaemia?

A

Corticosterioids

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6
Q

Which drug reaction of Loop diuretics will enhance ototoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

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7
Q

What is the MOA of the Distal tubules agents?

A

Inhibition of Na+/ Cl- co- transport pump

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8
Q

What are examples of the Thiazides?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide

Other related compounds-
Indapamide
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone

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9
Q

What are the effects of Distal Tubule agents?

A
  • May decrease GFR
  • Thiazides decrease insulin secretion.
  • Decrease in arterial blood pressure ( Thiazides ONLY )
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10
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Distal Tubule agents?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypokalemia
  • HYPERcalcemia
  • HYPERucemia
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Impotence(vol depln)
  • Allergic Rxn: skin rash
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11
Q

Which drug interaction with Distal Tubule agents will potentiate Hyperglycemia risk and Hyperlipidaemia?

A

Beta-Blockers

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12
Q

Which drug interaction with Distal tubule agents will enhance hypokalemia?

A

Corticosteroids

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13
Q

What are the examples of Potassium sparing agents?

A
  • Aldosterone receptor Antagonist
    • Spironolactone
    • Eplerenone
  • Na+ channel Inhibitors
    • Triamterene
    • Amiloride
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14
Q

Which Potassium sparing agent has activity on progesterone and androgen receptors?

A

Spironolactone

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15
Q

Which Potassium sparing agent lowers activity on aldosterone receptors, BUT No activity on androgen or progesterone receptors?

A

Eplerenone

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16
Q

Fill in the blanks.” _________ &____________ reach site of action via basic tubular secretion mechanism.”

A

Triamterene and Amiloride

17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Spironolactone?

A

Gynaecomastia
Impotence
BPH

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of Potassium sparing agents?

A
  • Hyponatremia
  • Gynaecomastia
  • HYPERkalemia
  • Impotence
  • Metabolic ACIDOSIS
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Leg cramps
  • Kidney stones (precipitation of triamterene)
19
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ A drug interaction of Potassium sparing agents with __________ will potentiate Hyperkalemia.”

A

ACE inhibitors

20
Q

What Is the MOA of Proximal Tubule agents?

A

Inhibition of the reabsorption of Na+ HCO3- and H2O follows

21
Q

What are examples of Proximal Tubule agents?

A

M- Methazolamide

A- Acetazolamide

D- Dorzolamide

MAD - ‘Zolamides’

22
Q

What are the other effects of Proximal Tubule agents?

A
  • Increase urine pH
  • Inhibit CA in the blood and aqueous humor
23
Q

How do Proximal Tubule Agents reach the sire of action?

A

Basic Tubular sector systems

24
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Proximal Tubule Agents?

A
  • Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
  • Ca2+ precipitation
  • Hypokalemia.
  • Drowsiness and paresthesia with high doses
25
Q

True or False? The proximal tubule agent Diuretic effect is self-limiting (2-3 days).

A

TRUE!!

26
Q

Which set of drugs pass into nephron via glomerular filtration. Act osmotically to retain water in lumen at proximal and thin descending loop?

A

Osmotic agents

27
Q

What are the Osmotic agents?

A

Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide

28
Q
A

Urogenital System (12 decks)

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