Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the MOA of Loop Diuretics?
Inhibition of Na+/ K+/2Cl- co- transport pump.
- Inhibits counter-current mechn= significant dehydration.
- Inhibits Ca and Mg ion reabsorption
What are the Loop Diuretic drugs?
Free - Furosemide/ Frusemide
Ethan - Ethacrynic acid
Today - Torsemide
Please- Piretandine
What are the Adverse effects of Loop Diuretics?
- Dehydration
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesia
- Hypocalcemia
- HYPERrucemia
- Metabolic alkalosis,
- Impotence (vol depn)
- Ototoxicity: Tinnitus & hearing loss (mainly with Ethacrynic acid)
- Allergic Rxn: skin rash dermatitis
Which drug interaction with Loop Diuretics will cause a reduced diuretic efficacy?
NSAIDS
Which drug interaction with Loop diuretics will cause enhanced Hypokalaemia?
Corticosterioids
Which drug reaction of Loop diuretics will enhance ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
What is the MOA of the Distal tubules agents?
Inhibition of Na+/ Cl- co- transport pump
What are examples of the Thiazides?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide
Other related compounds-
Indapamide
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone
What are the effects of Distal Tubule agents?
- May decrease GFR
- Thiazides decrease insulin secretion.
- Decrease in arterial blood pressure ( Thiazides ONLY )
What are the Adverse effects of Distal Tubule agents?
- Dehydration
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- HYPERcalcemia
- HYPERucemia
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Impotence(vol depln)
- Allergic Rxn: skin rash
Which drug interaction with Distal Tubule agents will potentiate Hyperglycemia risk and Hyperlipidaemia?
Beta-Blockers
Which drug interaction with Distal tubule agents will enhance hypokalemia?
Corticosteroids
What are the examples of Potassium sparing agents?
- Aldosterone receptor Antagonist
- Spironolactone
- Eplerenone
- Na+ channel Inhibitors
- Triamterene
- Amiloride
Which Potassium sparing agent has activity on progesterone and androgen receptors?
Spironolactone
Which Potassium sparing agent lowers activity on aldosterone receptors, BUT No activity on androgen or progesterone receptors?
Eplerenone
Fill in the blanks.” _________ &____________ reach site of action via basic tubular secretion mechanism.”
Triamterene and Amiloride
What are the adverse effects of Spironolactone?
Gynaecomastia
Impotence
BPH
What are the adverse effects of Potassium sparing agents?
- Hyponatremia
- Gynaecomastia
- HYPERkalemia
- Impotence
- Metabolic ACIDOSIS
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Leg cramps
- Kidney stones (precipitation of triamterene)
Fill in the blanks. “ A drug interaction of Potassium sparing agents with __________ will potentiate Hyperkalemia.”
ACE inhibitors
What Is the MOA of Proximal Tubule agents?
Inhibition of the reabsorption of Na+ HCO3- and H2O follows
What are examples of Proximal Tubule agents?
M- Methazolamide
A- Acetazolamide
D- Dorzolamide
MAD - ‘Zolamides’
What are the other effects of Proximal Tubule agents?
- Increase urine pH
- Inhibit CA in the blood and aqueous humor
How do Proximal Tubule Agents reach the sire of action?
Basic Tubular sector systems
What are the Adverse effects of Proximal Tubule Agents?
- Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- Ca2+ precipitation
- Hypokalemia.
- Drowsiness and paresthesia with high doses
