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GI Midterm > Posterior Abdominal Wall and Respiratory Diaphragm > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall and Respiratory Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

psoas major m

A

inn - L2,L3, L4

action - bilaterally flexes thigh at the hip, unilaterally side bends trunk to the same side

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2
Q

illiacus m

A

inn - femoral n

actions - plexus thigh at hip

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3
Q

pasoas minor m

A

inn - L1 and L2
actions - depresses 12th rib, fixes 12th rib during deep inspiration, assists with trunk extension, side-bends trunk to same side

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4
Q

quadratus lumborum m

A

inn - T12-L4

actions - extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes rib 12 during inspiration

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5
Q

psoas syndrome

A

lumbosacral pain
difficultly standing up straight
pain in the contralateral gluteal region
radiation of pain down the lower extremity
may mimic herniated disk

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6
Q

respiratory diaphragm

A

R and L domes w/ depression (for heart) between them
when relaxed superior surface extends up as fas as 5th rib
boundaries - xiphisternal joint, costal margin, body of T 12

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7
Q

Sternal origin of central tendon

A

R and L muscular slits that originate on posterior surface of xiphoid

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8
Q

right crus

A

longer, L1-L3

forms the muscular esophageal hiatus

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9
Q

left crus

A

shorter, L1 & L2

more lateral

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10
Q

caval opening

A

T8, in central tendon

IVC, branches of the R phrenic n, lymphatic from liver

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11
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

T10, formed and encircled by fibers of the R crus transmits

esophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks esophageal branches of left gastric a.

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12
Q

aortic hiatus

A

T12, behid the junction of the R and L crura

aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vien

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13
Q

sternocostal hiatus

A

located b/w sternal and costal parts of diaphragm
weak spot with potential for herniation
superior epigastic vessels

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14
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

connects the two crura anterior to the aortic hiatus

aortic hiatus

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15
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

fascial thickening over the superior part of the psoas major
extends from lateral part of body of L1 or L2 to the transverse process of same vertebra
gap for psoas major m and sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

fascial thickening over the superior part of the quadratus lumborum
extends from L1 transverse process to the tip of rib 12
gap for quadratus lumborum and supcostal n and vessels

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17
Q

parasternal hernias

A

sternocostal triangle

located b/w the sternal and costal parts of the diaphragm

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18
Q

pleuroperitoneal hernias

A

lumbocostal triangle

located b/w the 12th rib and diaphragm

19
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to fuse with other components of the diaphragm
respiratory distress and cyanosis in the 1st minutes or hours of life
unusually flat abdomen

20
Q

Superior blood supply to diaphragm

A

pericardiacophrenic a - internal thoracic a.
musculophrenic a - internal thoracic a.
superior phrenic a - descending a.

21
Q

Inferior blood supply to diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic a
right - passes posterior to IVC
left - passes posterior to esophagus

22
Q

Motor innervation of the diaphragm

A

phrenic n (C3, C4, C5)
some branches run with inferior phrenic a
only motor innervation

23
Q

Sensory innervation of the diaphragm

A 
central portion (central tendon) - phrenic n. 
Peripheral portion - intercostal n. T9-11
24
Q

superior lymphatics to diaphragm

A

anterior - anterior diaphragmatic nodes - parasternal

posterior - posterior diaphragmatic nodes - mediastinal nodes

25
Q

inferior lymphatics to diaphragm

A

celiac nodes

superior lumbar nodes

26
Q

costal origin of central tendon

A

muscular spits that originate from deep surfaces of lower 6th ribs and interdigitate with transversus abdominis

27
Q

lumbar origin of central tendon

A

arises from crura and arcuate ligaments

28
Q

common iliac nodes

A

lymph from the lower limbs, perineum, and gluteal region via the inguinal nodes
drain into the aortic nodes

29
Q

aortic (lumbar) lymphatic trunks

A

drainage from the lower limbs, perineum, and gluteal region via the common iliac nodes
directly - posterior abdominal wall, kidney, ureters, gonads, uterus, urine tubes
indirect - IM nodes
drains to cisterna chyli (L1 & L2)

30
Q

visceral lymphatics

A 
drain lymph from the digestive system and associated glands 
IM nodes
lateral aortic nodes
SM nodes 
Celiac nodes
31
Q

cisterna chyli

A 
dilation at the end of the thoracic duct 
drainage from 
L and R lumbar trunks
the intestinal trunk 
descending thoracic lymph trunks
32
Q

celiac lymph

A

liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, uper duodenum

33
Q

superior mesenteric lymph

A

lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon

34
Q

inferior mesenteric lymph

A

colon

35
Q

internal iliac lymph

A

lower rectum to anal canal above pectinate line, bladder, vagina, prostate

36
Q

para-aortic lymph

A

testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

37
Q

superficial inguinal lymph

A

anal canal below pectinate line, most skin below umbilicus, scrotum

38
Q

deep inguinal lymph

A

lower extremity

39
Q

greater sac

A

accessed by incision to the ant abdominal wall

40
Q

lesser sac

A

post to stomach and lesser omentum

41
Q

supracolic compartment

A

stomach, liver, spleen

42
Q

infracolic compartment

A

SI, ascending and descending colon

further divided by the mesentery of the SI to the R/L infracolic spaces

43
Q

paracolic gutters

A

areas b/w lateral aspects of the ascending and descending colon and posterior abdominal wall
allows for free communication b/w the supracolic and infracolic compartments

44
Q

phrenicolic ligament

A

prevents spread of fluid superiorly

GI Midterm (11 decks)

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