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GI Midterm > Ant. Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Ant. Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Subcostal Plane

A

10th costal cartilage

superior border of L3

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2
Q

Transtubercular Plane

A

tubercles of the iliac crests

body of L5

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3
Q

Transumbilical Plane

A

L 3-4

similar to supracristal plane

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4
Q

Transpyloric Plane

A

T 12 - L1
half way b/w the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis
goes through the pyloric part of the stomach which is fixed

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5
Q

Midclavicular Plane

A

midpoint of clavicle

midinguinal point

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6
Q

Midsagittal (median) Plane

A

linea alba

passes through umbilicus

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7
Q

R.U.Q

A 
gallbladder
duodenum 
R pleura
liver (R lobe) 
R kidney
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8
Q

L.U.Q.

A 
spleen
stomach
L pleura
tail of the pancreas
L kidney
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9
Q

R.L.Q.

A

R ureter
cecum
ilial diverticulum
veriform appendix

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10
Q

L.L.Q

A

L ureter

Descending and sigmoid colon

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11
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring

A

medial crus
lateral crus
intercrual fibers

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12
Q

External abdominal oblique m.

A

fibers run inferiomedially
aponeuroisis meet to form the linea alba
contributes to the inguinal ligament

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13
Q

Lacunar ligament

A

extension of inguinal ligament, triangular shaped, apex at pubic tubercle, base is concave, lateral and sharp

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14
Q

Pectineal ligament

A

lateral-posterior extension of the lacunar ligament that runs along the pectineal line

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15
Q

Internal abdominal oblique m.

A

fibers run superomedially
cremaster m. is from the internal oblique layer
helps form the conjoint tendon

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16
Q

Transverse Abdominis m.

A

fibers run horizontally
helps form the conjoint tendon
nerves and vessels run b/w internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis m.

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17
Q

Rectus abdominis m.

A

fibers run vertically
tendinous intersections perpendicular to fiber which increase strength
enclosed in rectus sheath

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18
Q

Pyramidalis m.

A

attaches to the pubic crest

tenses linea alba

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19
Q

Movement Actions of anterior abdominal wall m.

A

flex trunk anteriorly
laterally flex the trunk
rotate the trunk

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20
Q

Other Actions of anterior abdominal wall m.

A

assist in respiration
important in valsalva maneuver
act during coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, vomiting, and parturition

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21
Q

Campers fascia

A

most superficial
fatty layer
superficial blood vessels run through
continuous with superficial fatty layers in thorax, thigh, and perineum

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22
Q

Scarpa’s fascia

A

deep superficial
membranous layer
continuous with fascia lata and deep perineal fascia

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23
Q

Deep fascia

A

holds structures

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24
Q

Rectus Sheath

A 
formed from fascia of 
external abdominal oblique 
internal abdominal oblique 
transversus abdominis 
encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis m.
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25
Q

Rectus Sheath above arcuate line

A

anterior - external oblique and anterior portion of internal oblique
posterior - posterior portion of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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26
Q

Rectus Sheath below arcuate line

A

anterior - external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
posterior - none

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27
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

lies on deep surface of ransversus abdominis m. and aponeruosis

28
Q

Linea alba

A

anterior midline where aponeurotic fibers for the rectus sheath interlace

29
Q

Layers of abdominal wall in order

A 
Skin
Campers fascia
Scarpas fascia
anterior rectus sheath 
rectus abdominis m. 
posterior rectus sheath 
transversalis fascia
extra peritoneal CT and fat
peritoneum
30
Q

superior epigastric a.

A

origin - internal throacic a.
distribution - upper central anterior abdominal wall
location - enters rectus sheath beneath costal marginal

31
Q

inferior epigastic a.

A

origin - external iliac a.
distribution - rectus abdominal m. deep abdominal wall of P & U region
location - enters rectus sheath at arcuate line

32
Q

musculophrenic a.

A

origin - internal thoracic a.
distribution - abdominal wall & diaphragm
location - runs along costal margin

33
Q

10-11 posterior intercostal a.

A

origin - thoracic aorta
distribution - superior & deep abdominal wall, lateral region
location - enters rectus sheath laterally

34
Q

deep circumflex iliac a.

A

origin - external iliac a.
distribution - deep inguinal region & lower lateral abdominal wall
location - deep of inguinal ligament toward ASIS

35
Q

superficial circumflex iliac a.

A

origin - femoral a.
distribution - superior abdominal wall of I region & adjacent anterior thigh
location - iliac region

36
Q

superficial epigastric a.

A

origin - femoral a.
distribution - superior abdominal wall of P region & inferior U region
location - umbilical region

37
Q

Deep venous drainage

A

within abdominal wall m. along with arteries
to subclavian v.
to external iliac v.
to lumbar & intercostal v.

38
Q

Superficial venous drainage

A

within campers fascia
thoracoepigastic v.
lateral thoracic v.
superficial epigastric v.

39
Q

Thoraco-abdominal n.

A

origin - continuation of lower intercostal n.
distribution - m. of anterolateral abdominal wall and skin
branches - lateral cutaneous branch, anterior cutaneous branch

40
Q

Iliohypogastric n.

A

origin - superior anterior ramus L1

distribution - inn. anterolateral abdominal mm, suprapubic regions

41
Q

Ilioinguinal n.

A

origin - inferior anterior ramus L1
distribution - skin of groin & scrotum/labium majus
location - enters inguinal canal

42
Q

Genitofemoral n.

A

origin - anterior ramus L1-L2
distribution - innervation of cremaster m. or labium majoris, skin of thigh
branches - w/in psoas m. genital & femoral n.

43
Q

Umbilical hernias in infants

A

scar of umbilicus does not heal completely

heal with time

44
Q

Umbilical hernias in adults

A

weakend abdominal wall around umbilicus
more common in women
require surgical repair

45
Q

Epigastric hernias

A

herniations protrude through the linea alba

repaired surgically

46
Q

Incisional hernias

A

occur at surgical site

47
Q

Spingelian hernias

A

hernia at semi lunar line of anterior rectus sheath

48
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

floor - inguinal ligament & lacunar ligament
roof - internal abdominal oblique fibers
anterior wall - external abdominal oblique
posterior wall - transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

49
Q

Layers of inguinal canal (superficial to deep)

A

external abdominal oblique m.
internal abdominal oblique m.
transversus abdminis m.

50
Q

Descent of the testes process

A

develop from mesoderm in upper lumbar/lower throacic region
7th month testes reach inguinal ring and processus vaginalis develops
testes move through inguinal canal
gubernaculum pulls testes into scrotum
tetes move posterior to processus vaginalis and it closes off to make the tunica vaginalis

51
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

52
Q

hydroceles

A

fluid in tunica vaginalis

53
Q

hematocele

A

blood in tunica vaginalis

54
Q

Abdominal wall - subcutaneous tissue

A

scrotum - dartos fascia and m.

55
Q

Abdominal wall - external oblique m and fascia

A

scrotum - external spermatic fascia

56
Q

Abdominal wall - internal oblique m

A

scrotum - cremaster m.

57
Q

Abdominal wall - fascia of superficial and deep surfaces of internal oblique m.

A

scrotum - cremasteric fascia

58
Q

Abdominal wall - transversalis fascia

A

scrotum - inernal spermaitc fascia

59
Q

Abdominal wall - peritoneum

A

scrotum - tunica vaginalis and vestige processus vaginalis

60
Q

Descent of the ovaries

A

descend into pelvis

gubernaculum forms round ligament of ovary and uterus

61
Q

Contents of spermatic fasica

A 
a.  of ductus deferens 
testicular a. 
ductus deferens 
pampiniform plexus of veins
lymphatics
62
Q

femoral hernias

A

exit abdomen through femoral canal inferior to inguinal ligament

63
Q

direct inguinal hernias

A

the neck of the hernial sac is medial to the inferior epigastic a.

64
Q

indirect inguinal hernias

A

the neck of the hernial sac lies lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

65
Q

Contents of female inguinal canal

A

round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal n.
genital branch of genitofemoral n.

66
Q

Contents of male inguinal canal

A 
ductus deferens
ilioinguinal n.
genital branch of genitofemoral n. 
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of vein

GI Midterm (11 decks)

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