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GI Midterm > Organs of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic esophagus

A

pierces the diaphragm at T 10

turns to the left and enters the stomach at the cardiac orifice at T 11

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2
Q

sliding hiatal hernia

A

esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens

abdominal esophagus and parts of the stomach heriate into the thorax

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3
Q

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A

a defect in diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

permits fundus of stomach to herniate

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4
Q

stomach

A

left end - fixed at T10-11

right end - fixed at L1-2

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5
Q

Duodenum

A

C shaped
10 inches long
Located at L1-4

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6
Q

1st part of duodenum - superior

A

starts at pyloric sphincter
rugae
2 inches long
held in place by hepatoduodenal ligament
posterior - portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
inferior - pancreas

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7
Q

2nd part of duodenum - descending

A

3 inches long
vili and pailla (biliary and pancreatic ducts empty)
all retroperitoneal
anterior - gall bladder, R lobe of liver, transverse colon
posterior - R kidney and ureter
medial - head of pancreas
bile and pancreatic ducts enter into he second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

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8
Q

3rd part of duodenum - horizontal

A

villi
superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross the anterior surface
superior - head of pancreas
anterior and inferior - jejunum

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9
Q

4th part of duodenum - ascending

A

becomes intraperitoneal
anterior - root of mesentery and jejunum
posterior - left margin of the aorta and medial border of psoas muscle
held in place by the suspensory ligament which anchors the 4th part of the duodenum to the R crus of the diaphragm

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10
Q

Jejunum and Ileum

A

20 feet long
jejunum - starts at duodenal-jejunal junction and ileum ends at the ileo-cecal valve
very mobile and help to posterior wall by THE mesentery
framed by large intestine

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11
Q

Jejunum

A 
8-10 feet long 
2/5 of free small intestine 
simple vascular arcades, long vasa recta, 
more vascular 
greater diameter, 
thicker, 
more plicae circularis
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12
Q

Ileum

A 
10-12 feet long 
3/5 of free small intestine 
compound vascular arcades, shorter vasa recta, is less vascular 
smaller diameter
thinner wall 
fewer plicae circularis
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13
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A 
feature of the ileum 
arises from the antimesenteric border of the ileum 
occurs in 2% of population 
2 feet from the ileocecal junction 
2 inches long 
remnant of the vitelline duct
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14
Q

THE mesentery

A 
15 cm long at the root 
attaches the jejunum & ileum to the posterior body wall 
crosses 
L 1-2
3rd part of duodenum 
aorta
IVC
R ureter
R gonadal vessels 
R psoas major 
ends at right SI joint
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15
Q

large intestine

A 
highly mobile 
function - fecal formation, transport , and evacuation, water absorption and mucus secretion
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16
Q

Taenia coli

A

3 bands of longitudinal m on outside of the colon
converge at the root of the appendix
produce haustrae that slow the movement of feces

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17
Q

Appendices epiploicae

A

tags of fat

characteristic of the large intestine

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18
Q

cecum

A

no epiploic appendages
blind puch inferior to ileocecal orifice
iliocolic valve is 2 folds that are not a true sphincter
ileal papilla is a cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum
the opening for the appendix is inferior to the ilial papilla

19
Q

vermiform appendix

A

attached to the postero medial part o the cecum
located at the unction of the 3 taenia coli
9-10 cm long and supported by a mesoappendix
position variable

20
Q

ascending colon

A

R iliac fossa to R flexure
ant. to R kidney
secondarily retroperitoneal except lowest part

21
Q

transverse colon

A

R colic flexure to L colic flexure
intraperitoneal
phrenicocolic ligament - L flexure to diaphragm
Transverse mesocolon - pancreas to greater omentum

22
Q

descending colon

A

L flexure to pelvic brim

secondarily retroperitoneal

23
Q

sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid mesocolon
rectosigmoid junction - ant. to S3
intraperitoenal

24
Q

rectum

A

b/w sigmoid colon and anal canal
contains rectal ampulla (dialated terminal part of rectum)
anorectal line - a line joining the tops of the anal columns
3 transverse rectal folds - superior, intermediate, inferior
puborectalis m - relaxation leads to defecation

25
Q

anal canal

A

anal valves - at the base of the anal columns
anal sinuses - spaces b/w and at the inferior part of the anal columns
pectinate line - a line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves

26
Q

spleen

A

left hypochondriac region
parallels left ribs 9,10, and 11
midaxillary line b/w stomach and diaphragm
size of hand
normally not palpable below the costal margin
develops in dorsal mesentery from mesoderm

27
Q

pancreas

A 
mostly retropperitoneal 
located L1-2 
Head - in duodenal curve 
Body - triangular cross-section
Neck - b/w head and body
Tail - anterior to spleen
28
Q

liver

A

located in the R upper quadrant

smaller left lobe is located in the left upper quadrant

29
Q

gall bladder

A

lies in hepatic fossa

bile duct formed from the cystic and common hepatic ducts

30
Q

4 coats of the stomach

A

mucosa w/ rugae
submucosa - core of rugae
muscularis - circuar, longitudinal, oblique
serosa - visceral peritoneum

31
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

L1-2 at transpyloric plane

32
Q

cardiac orifice

A

circular m of lower esophagus
mucosal fold at cardiac notch
crual fibers of diaphragm

33
Q

above pectinate line

A 
internal iliac LN
simple columnar 
endoderm
superior rectal a and v 
internal hemorrhoids (not painful) 
inferior hypogastric plexus
34
Q

below pectinate line

A 
superficial inguinal LN 
stratified squamous
ectoderm 
middle & inferior rectal a & v. 
external hemorrhoids (painful) 
inferiorrectal n.
35
Q

pancreas relationships

A 
posterior to neck- SMA and SMV
Superior - splenic v and a and duodenum
Tail is against spleen 
posterior to body - IVC and aorta 
anterior - stomach
36
Q

pancreatic duct system

A

develops from ventral and dorsal bud in mesentery
rotation of the stomach and duodenum brings buds together
pancreatic and bile ducts joint to make hepatopancreatic ampulla to enter duodenum

37
Q

Lobes of the liver

A

L
R
Caudate
Quadrate

38
Q

falciform ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to the anterior wall
contains teh obliterated umbilical vein

39
Q

porta hepatis

A

transverse fissure b/w caudate and quadrate lobes
transmits portal triad
Hepatic a, portal v, bile duct

40
Q

ligamentum teres

A

in the edge of the falciform

obliterated umbilical vein

41
Q

ligamentum venosum

A

the old ductus venosus

used to connect the umbilical v w/ the inferior vena cava

42
Q

hepatic fossa

A

for gall bladder

43
Q

extrahepatic bile passages

A 
R hepatic duct
L hepatic duct 
together form the common hepatic duct 
cystic duct 
bile duct

GI Midterm (11 decks)

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