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ANATOMY SEM 4 > posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what is the posterior abdominal wall formed by?

A

the lumbar vertebrae, pelvic girdle, posterior abdominal muscles and their associated fascia

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2
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum, and the diaphragm

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3
Q

describe the quadratus lumborum

A

• located laterally in the posterior abdominal wall
• thick muscular sheet
• quadrilateral in shape
• superficial to psoas major
• fibres travel superomedially from origin to insertion

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4
Q

O and I of quadratus lumborum

A

O : iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
I : transverse processes of L1-L4 and the inferior border of the 12th rib

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5
Q

action of quadratus lumborum

A

extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. also fixes the 12th rib during inspiration, so that the contraction of the diaphragm is more efficient

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6
Q

innervation of quadratus lumborum

A

anterior rami of T12-L4

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7
Q

O and I of psoas major

A

O : transverse processes and vertebral bodies of T12-L5. then moves inferiorly and laterally, running deep to the inguinal ligament to attach:
I : lesser tronchanter of femur

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8
Q

action of psoas major

A

flexion of the thigh at the hip and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

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9
Q

innervation of psoas major

A

anterior rami of L1-L3

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10
Q

describe psoas minor

A
  • only present in 60% of the population
  • anterior to psoas major — looks like a shiny tendon on top
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11
Q

O and I of psoas minor

A

O : vertebral bodies of T12 and L1
I : ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone called the pectineal line

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12
Q

action of psoas minor

A

flexion of vertebral column

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13
Q

innervation of psoas minor

A

anterior rami of L1 spinal nerve

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14
Q

describe iliacus

A

• fan shaped
• situated inferiorly on the posterior abdominal wall
• combines wiht the psoas major to form the iliopsoas = the major flexor of the thigh

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15
Q

O and I of iliacus

A

O : surface of iliac fossa and anterior inferior iliac spine. its fibres combine with the tendon of the psoas major, inserting:
I : lesser trochanter of femur

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16
Q

action of iliacus

A

flexion and lateral rotation of thigh at hip

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17
Q

innervation of iliacus

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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18
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the diaphragm?

A
  • separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
  • undergoes contraction and relaxation, altering the volume of the thoracic cavity and the lungs, producing inspiration and expiration
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19
Q

O and I of diaphragm

A

O : xiphoid process, internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages and adjacent ribs, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, L1-L3 vertebrae
I : central tendon

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20
Q

the diaphragm acts as the floor and roof of what?

A

floor of thoracic cavity and roof of abdominal cavity

21
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

motor = phrenic (C3,4,5), sensory = phrenic nerves and lower intercostal nerves

22
Q

The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae are ______ in structure, and are known as the right and left ____

A
  • tendinous
  • crura
23
Q

describe the right crus

A

Arises from L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs.Some fibres from the right crus surround the oesophageal opening, acting as a physiological sphincter to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus

24
Q

describe the left crus

A

Arises from L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

25
Q

the muscles fibres of the diaphragm combine to form what?

A

a central tendon

26
Q

the central tendon ascends to fuse with what?

A

the inferior surface of the fibrous pericardium

27
Q

either side of the ____________, the diaphragm ascends to form left and right domes. at rest, the ______ dome lies slightly higher than the _____ — due to presence of ______

A
  • pericardium
  • right
  • left
  • liver
28
Q
A
29
Q

what goes through the caval hiatus and what vertebral level is it at?

A

T8
- IVC
- terminal branches of right phrenic nerve

30
Q

what goes through the oesophageal hiatus and what vertebral level is it at?

A

T10
- oesophagus
- right and left vagus nerves
- oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein

31
Q

what goes through the aortic hiatus and what vertebral level is it at?

A

T12
- aorta
- thoracic duct
- azygos vein

32
Q

a layer of fascia lies between what and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall? what is this fascia continuous with?

A

parietal peritoneum

continuous with the transversalis fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall

whilst the fascia is one continuous sheet, it is anatomically correct to name the fascia according to the structure it overlies

33
Q

read notes on fascia

A

ok

34
Q
A

A = coeliac trunk - T12
B = right suprarenal - L1
C = superior meseneteric - L1
D = right renal - L1
E = right gonadal - L2
F = inferior mesenteric - L3

aorta bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at the level of L4

35
Q
A

veins:
A = hepatic
B = left suprarenal
C = left renal
D = left gonadal
E = right gonadal
F = IVC

  1. L5
  2. T8
36
Q

what are the direct tributaries of the IVC?

A

the inferior phrenic veins (T8), right suprarenal (L1), renal (L1), right testicular(gonadal) (L2), lumbar (L1-L5), common iliac (L5) andhepatic (T8). If you want an easy way to remember them just memorise the mnemonic ‘ Portal System Returns To Liver In Human

37
Q
A
  1. oesophagus = T10
  2. IVC = T8
  3. inferior phrenic arteries
38
Q
A
  1. left crus of diaphragm - anterior surface of bodies of first 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
  2. right crus of diaphragm - anterior surface of bodies of first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae
  3. median arcuate ligament
  4. thickening of fascia over psoas major — provides attachment for diaphragm
  5. thickening of fascia over quadratus lumborum — provides attachment for diaphragm
39
Q

what do psoas major and iliacus do to the trunk?

A

psoas major laterally flexes the external column and balances trunk, acting together they flex trunk when sitting

40
Q

where does the thoracic duct arise>

A

cisterna chyli = anterior to T12 or L1

41
Q

describe the course of the thoracic duct

A

passes through the aortic hiatus into posterior mediastinum, ascends first to the right, then behind and then to the left of the oesophagus, passes posterior to the aortic arch and then arches forward over the subclavian artery

enters junction between left subclavian and IJ veins (venous angle)

42
Q
A

A = common hepatic
B = splenic
C = superior mesenteric
D = coeliac plexus
3. greater splanchnic nerve
E - superior mesenteric plexus
5. lesser splanchnic nerve

43
Q

what are the 2 branches of the first lumbar nerve?

A

ilioinguinal and iliolumbar

44
Q

what does the sympathetic chain contain?

A

NCBs of postganglionic sympathetic neurones

45
Q

draw the IVC

A
46
Q

draw the aorta

A
47
Q

mneumonic for lumbar plexus

A

i twice get laid on fridays

48
Q

draw the lumbar plexus

A

ANATOMY SEM 4 (12 decks)

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