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ANATOMY SEM 4 > HISTOLOGY : accessory organs of digestion > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY : accessory organs of digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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2
Q

what type of secretions do each of the major salivary glands produce?

A
  1. parotid = serous
  2. submandibular = seromucous (mainly serious)
  3. sublingual = seromucous (mainly mucous)
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3
Q

salivary glands are surrounded by a _________ with ______ that divide the gland into lobules

A
  • connective tissue capsule
  • septa
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4
Q

what type of glands are salivary glands?

A

compound tubuloacinar glands — branching duct system, secretory component (tubular and acinar)

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5
Q

what is the order of excretory ducts from smallest to largest?

A
  1. intercalated ducts
  2. striated ducts
  3. intralobular ducts
  4. interlobular ducts
  5. interlobar ducts
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6
Q

describe intercalated ducts

A

small, tiny lumen, simple low cuboidal epithelium

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7
Q

describe striated ducts

A

formed by merging intercalated ducts, simple columnar epithelium

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8
Q

describe intralobular ducts

A

formed by merging striated ducts, gradually increase in size and surround by CT

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9
Q

describe interlobular ducts

A

epithelium may be pseudostratified

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10
Q

describe interlobar ducts

A

pseudostratified or stratified, may possess cilia, eventually convey saliva into oral cavity

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11
Q

what run throguh the connective tissue that forms the septa between lobules?

A

blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

watch vids again

A

alright

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13
Q

describe the pancreas

A
  • exocrine and endocrine gland
  • has a connective tissue capsule and septa, divided into lobules
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14
Q

describe the exocrine component of the pancreas

A

acini — secretory component - secretes enzymes
duct system:P
intercalated —> intralobular —> interlobular —> main pancreatic ducts

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15
Q

epithelium in pancreatic intercalated ducts

A

simple cuboidal

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16
Q

epithelium in pancreatic interlobular ducts

A

simple/stratified cuboidal/columnar

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17
Q

epithelium in pancreatic main ducts

A

tall columnar

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18
Q

describe the endocrine component of the pancreas

A
  • islets of Langerhans — secrete hormones directly into blood, and glucagon
  • cells and sections?
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19
Q

how does connective tissue change surrounding the ducts as you get further down? (pancreas)

A

becomes more abundant

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20
Q

what does the main pancreatic duct also have in its wall?

A

some smooth msucel cells

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21
Q

what’s forms the hepatopancratic ampulla?

A

the union of the main pancreatic duct with the bile duct

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22
Q

what is the liver covered by?

A

Glisson’s capsule

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23
Q

what tightly packed cells form the liver?

A

hepatocytes

24
Q

what can the liver functionally be divided into?

A

lobules

25
Q

what do hepatic arteries deliver?

A

blood rich in oxygen

26
Q

what does the portal vein deliver?

A

blood rich in nutrients

27
Q

what do the hepatic ducts do?

A

transport bile away

28
Q

what are the structures of the porta hepatis?

A

hepatic arteries, portal vein, hepatic ducts

29
Q

where do hepatic veins leave the liver?

A

NOT VIA THE PORTA HEPATIS

leave from the back of the liver and drain into the IVC directly

30
Q

what 3 types of surface do hepatocytes have?

A
  1. sinusoidal = between cell and blood sinusoids (70%)
  2. canalicular = between cell and bile canaliculi (15%)
    3., intercellular = between adjacent cells (15%)
31
Q

what are blood sinusoids?

A
  • capillaries with leaky/no basement membrane in the liver — allow large particles to cross
  • located between plates of hepatocytes
  • lead down to centre of lobule into central vein
32
Q

what do portal triads contain?

A
  • terminal branch of hepatic artery
  • terminal branch of portal vein
  • bile ductule
33
Q
A
34
Q

what would the arrangement of liver lobules look like?

A
35
Q

blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein flows where?

A

down the sinusoid into the central vein

36
Q

what are taken out of blood as it flows down sinusoid?

A

nutrients and O2

37
Q

what leave the hepatocyte and enter the sinusoid?

A

CO2 and other waste products

38
Q

what happens to bile made by hepatocytes?

A

passes down the bile canaliculi back into the triad then to hepatic ducts out into the biliary system

39
Q

nutrients and O2 cross what surface of the hepatocyte?

A

sinusoidal

40
Q

how does blood from liver end back in circulation?

A

central vein —> hepatic veins —> IVC —> circulation

41
Q

epithelium of bile ductules?

A

simple cuboidal

42
Q

epithelium of artery?

A

simple squamous

43
Q

bile leaves the liver at ______ in the _________

A

at porta hepatis in the right and left hepatic ducts

44
Q

what happens when you eat a fatty meal so bile can enter the duodenum?

A

fat enters duodenum —> CCK secreted —> causes sphincter of Oddi to relax and the GB to contract —> so bile can enter the duodenum

45
Q

what happens if there is no fat in the duodenum?

A

sphincter of Oddi is closed and so bile back tracks up the bile duct, down the cystic duct and into the GB where it is concentrated and stored

46
Q

what do the right and left hepatic ducts form?

A

common hepatic duct

47
Q

what does the common hepatic duct join with and form?

A

joins with cystic duct to form the common bile duct

48
Q

what does the commin bile duct merge wiht and form?

A

merges with pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancratic ampulla of vater — into duodeum

49
Q

what does the gall bladder do?

A

stores and concentrates bile

50
Q

what are the 3 layers of the gall bladder?

A
  • mucosa (inner)
  • muscle layer = muscularis externa
  • outer fibrous layer = adventitia (up against liver) and serosa (remaining)
51
Q

on what layer of the GB does CCK work on?

A

muscle (muscularis externa)

52
Q

describe the mucosa of the gall bladder

A
  • rugae
  • simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
  • thick, highly vascularised lamina propria
  • no MI or submucsoa
53
Q

mucosa of the GB is folded into what?

A

rugae

54
Q

where are the nuceli in the epithelium of the GB mucosa?

A

simple columnar epithelium wiht BASALLY located nuceli

55
Q

mucosa of GB has a highly vascularised what?

A

lamina propria (contains ltos of lymphocytes)

ANATOMY SEM 4 (12 decks)

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