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CLINICAL ANATOMY-ABDOMEN > Posterior Abd. Wall and the Urinary System > Flashcards

Posterior Abd. Wall and the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two lines that designate the posterior boundary of the abdominal wall?

A

the mid-dorsal lines

just lateral to the QL

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2
Q

What muscle is contained within the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

QL

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3
Q

What muscles are contained by the middle and posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

The erector spinae:

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

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4
Q

What muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus and the hamstrings

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5
Q

What abdominal/back muscles does the erector spinae attach to?

A

The fascia houses the quadratus lumborum, transversospinalis, spinal erectors (erector spinae) and multifidus muscles and their tendons, among other intrinsic muscles of the posterior thoracic and lumbar regions.

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6
Q

What goes through the median arcuate ligament?

A

the abdominal aorta

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7
Q

What muscles go deep to the medial arcuate lig. ?

A

psoas muscles

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8
Q

What does the median arcuate ligament demarcate the transition of?

A

the transition from the thoracic aorta to the abdominal aorta

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9
Q

What ligament does the quadratus lumborum pass deep to?

A

The lateral arcuate ligament

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10
Q

What are the three openings in the diaphgram?

A

caval opening - IVC - T8

esophageal hiatus - T10 esophagus, parasympathetic (vagal trunks)

aortic hiatus- T12 descending aorta, thoracic duct

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11
Q

vertebral level of the caval opening in the diaphragm

A

T8

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12
Q

vertebral level of the esophageal hiatus

A

T10

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13
Q

vertebral level of the aortic hiatus

A

T12

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14
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus along with the descending aorta?

A

the thoracic duct

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15
Q

What two nerves from the lumbar plexus have mixed sensory or full sensory function?

A

-the genitofemoral nerve
-the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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16
Q

What do the nerves of the lumbar plexus carry - the nerves that are not only sensory ?

A

sensory, motor info, post-ganglionic sympathetic

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17
Q

What nerves traverse the QL?

A

iliohypogastric n.

ilioinguinal n.

18
Q

Over what muscle does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve go superficial to?

A

iliacus

19
Q

What muscle does the genitofemoral branch pierce before bifurcating into the gential and femoral branches?

A

the psoas major

20
Q

What ms. is the lateral femoral cutenaous nerve deep to?

A

psoas major and minor

21
Q

What ms is the obturator nerve medial to?

A

psoas major

22
Q

What artery and vein runs anterior to the ureter?

A

gonadal

23
Q

What are the 4 components of the urinary sytsem?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

24
Q

What vessels and anatomical structures extend out of the renal hylum?

A

renal pelvis–> ureter
renal artery and vein

25
Q

What do multiple minor calices of the kidney make up?

A

a major calyx

26
Q

What is in between two renal pyramids?

A

renal column

27
Q

What is deep to the renal capsule, on the outside border of the kidney?

A

the renal cortex

28
Q

What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

A

renal papilla

29
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

The renal or kidney medulla is the inner part of the kidney. The medulla helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid.

consists of a series of renal pyramids, which appear striated because they contain straight tubular structures and blood vessels

30
Q

Why are the renal arteries considered end arteries?

A

when they make it to the kidney they only branch but never anastomose

31
Q

Parasympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:

A

Vagus (CN X) > esophageal plexus > post vagal trunk > celiac ganglion & plexus > renal nerve plexus > kidney (synapse)

32
Q

Sympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:

A

Lesser splanchnic (T10-11) or least splanchnic (T12) > aorticorenal ganglion (synapse) > renal nerve plexus > kidney

33
Q

Is the testicular artery anterior or posterior to the ureter?

A

anterior

as the testes descends during development, the testicular artery descends anterior to the ureter

34
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses x-rays to take pictures of the organs of your urinary tract. These are the organs that make urine (pee) and remove it from your body. They include your: Kidneys, two organs located below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine

35
Q

renal pelvis

A

the area at the center of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.

36
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder

A

(preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic chain) T10-12, L1-2 > lumbar splanchnic > superior /inferior hypogastric plexus > inferior hypogastric
plexus (synapse) > wall relaxation (filling of bladder)

37
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder

A

S2-4 > pelvic splanchnic > inferior hypogastric plexus > wall (synapse; contraction needed to reject urine from external urethral sphincter)

postgang para neurons innervate smooth ms. of urinary bladder–> release of urine

38
Q

Is the urinary bladder post. or ant. to the pubic symphysis?

A

posterior

39
Q

Where is the trigone located?

A

posterior inferior

at the bottom of the bladder

  • COMMON SITE OF URINARY STONE FORMATION
40
Q

length of urethra male vs female

A

male: 20 cm

female: 4 cm

41
Q

Trigone definition/what structures is it formed by?

A

on top- two ureteric orifices

on the bottom- one internal urethral orifice

a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice

** common site of urinary stone formation

CLINICAL ANATOMY-ABDOMEN (5 decks)

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