Posterior Abd. Wall and the Urinary System Flashcards
What are the two lines that designate the posterior boundary of the abdominal wall?
the mid-dorsal lines
just lateral to the QL
What muscle is contained within the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?
QL
What muscles are contained by the middle and posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?
The erector spinae:
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
What muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia?
trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus and the hamstrings
What abdominal/back muscles does the erector spinae attach to?
The fascia houses the quadratus lumborum, transversospinalis, spinal erectors (erector spinae) and multifidus muscles and their tendons, among other intrinsic muscles of the posterior thoracic and lumbar regions.
What goes through the median arcuate ligament?
the abdominal aorta
What muscles go deep to the medial arcuate lig. ?
psoas muscles
What does the median arcuate ligament demarcate the transition of?
the transition from the thoracic aorta to the abdominal aorta
What ligament does the quadratus lumborum pass deep to?
The lateral arcuate ligament
What are the three openings in the diaphgram?
caval opening - IVC - T8
esophageal hiatus - T10 esophagus, parasympathetic (vagal trunks)
aortic hiatus- T12 descending aorta, thoracic duct
vertebral level of the caval opening in the diaphragm
T8
vertebral level of the esophageal hiatus
T10
vertebral level of the aortic hiatus
T12
What passes through the aortic hiatus along with the descending aorta?
the thoracic duct
What two nerves from the lumbar plexus have mixed sensory or full sensory function?
-the genitofemoral nerve
-the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What do the nerves of the lumbar plexus carry - the nerves that are not only sensory ?
sensory, motor info, post-ganglionic sympathetic
What nerves traverse the QL?
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n.
Over what muscle does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve go superficial to?
iliacus
What muscle does the genitofemoral branch pierce before bifurcating into the gential and femoral branches?
the psoas major
What ms. is the lateral femoral cutenaous nerve deep to?
psoas major and minor
What ms is the obturator nerve medial to?
psoas major
What artery and vein runs anterior to the ureter?
gonadal
What are the 4 components of the urinary sytsem?
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
What vessels and anatomical structures extend out of the renal hylum?
renal pelvis–> ureter
renal artery and vein
What do multiple minor calices of the kidney make up?
a major calyx
What is in between two renal pyramids?
renal column
What is deep to the renal capsule, on the outside border of the kidney?
the renal cortex
What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?
renal papilla
What is the renal medulla?
The renal or kidney medulla is the inner part of the kidney. The medulla helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid.
consists of a series of renal pyramids, which appear striated because they contain straight tubular structures and blood vessels
Why are the renal arteries considered end arteries?
when they make it to the kidney they only branch but never anastomose
Parasympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:
Vagus (CN X) > esophageal plexus > post vagal trunk > celiac ganglion & plexus > renal nerve plexus > kidney (synapse)
Sympathetic autonomic innervation of the kidney:
Lesser splanchnic (T10-11) or least splanchnic (T12) > aorticorenal ganglion (synapse) > renal nerve plexus > kidney
Is the testicular artery anterior or posterior to the ureter?
anterior
as the testes descends during development, the testicular artery descends anterior to the ureter
Intravenous pyelogram
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses x-rays to take pictures of the organs of your urinary tract. These are the organs that make urine (pee) and remove it from your body. They include your: Kidneys, two organs located below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine
renal pelvis
the area at the center of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.
Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder
(preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic chain) T10-12, L1-2 > lumbar splanchnic > superior /inferior hypogastric plexus > inferior hypogastric
plexus (synapse) > wall relaxation (filling of bladder)
Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder
S2-4 > pelvic splanchnic > inferior hypogastric plexus > wall (synapse; contraction needed to reject urine from external urethral sphincter)
postgang para neurons innervate smooth ms. of urinary bladder–> release of urine
Is the urinary bladder post. or ant. to the pubic symphysis?
posterior
Where is the trigone located?
posterior inferior
at the bottom of the bladder
- COMMON SITE OF URINARY STONE FORMATION
length of urethra male vs female
male: 20 cm
female: 4 cm
Trigone definition/what structures is it formed by?
on top- two ureteric orifices
on the bottom- one internal urethral orifice
a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice
** common site of urinary stone formation
