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CLINICAL ANATOMY-ABDOMEN > Overview Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Overview Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the abdomen and abdominal cavity

A

flexible container for the abdominal organs

provides sites for muscle attachment
provides bony protection to certain organs

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2
Q

Boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

anterior - abdominal wall
posterior - vertebral column
superior - diaphragm
inferior - pelvic inlet–> plane that extends from the pubic symphysis back to the lumbar spine

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3
Q

How is the abdominal wall an indefinite boundary of the abdomen?

A

The anterior abdominal wall transitions into the lateral abdominal wall which transitions into the posterior

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4
Q

Functions of the anterior abdominal wall

A

-support the trunk
-support the abdominal viscera
-manage intra-abdominal pressure during respiration
-move the trunk and maintain posture

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5
Q

Layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A

skin
superficial fascia
muscles
tranversalis fascia
extraperitoneal adipose
parietal peritoneum–> inside the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

What spinal nerves predominantly innervate the area of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

spinal nn. T7-T12 - thoracoabdominal and subcostal nn.

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7
Q

spinal nerve level umbilicus

A

T10

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8
Q

spinal nerve level xiphoid process

A

T5

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9
Q

spinal nerve level nipple

A

T4

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10
Q

Describe Scarpa’s fascia- one type of superficial fascia of the ant. abdominal wall

A

thin, membranous, right underneath camper’s fascia
-can be sutured

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11
Q

Describe Camper’s fascia- most superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • most superficial, thick, fatty
    –> can’t suture not strong enough
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12
Q

What does the arcuate line designate?

A

corresponds to where the inferior epigastric artery is perforating the RA

-demarcates the transition between the aponeurotic posterior rectus sheath and the TA

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal quadrants?

A

midline through the body and through the umbilicus

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14
Q

Quadrant of small intestine

A

all 4

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15
Q

Quadrant of stomach

A

LUQ, RUQ

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16
Q

Quadrant of large intestine

A

all 4

17
Q

Quadrant of Gallbladder

A

RUQ

18
Q

Quadrant of Pancreas

A

RUQ, LUQ

19
Q

Quadrant of right kidney, left kidney

A

RIGHT: RUQ, right kidney

LEFT: LUQ, left kidney

20
Q

Quadrant of spleen

A

LUQ

21
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal

A

4 cm long, parallel to the inguinal ligament

openings are called rings

occupied by:
-males: spermatic cord
-females: round ligament

22
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

‘V’ shaped defect in the external oblique aponeurosis within the Hasselbach’s triangle

23
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

the deep ring is formed by the transversalis fascia which provides the posterior covering of the contents of the inguinal ring

24
Q

Boundaries of the inguinal canal

A

floor: inguinal ligament reinforced medially by lacunar ligament

anterior wall: EO aponeurosis reinforced laterally by the internal oblique

posterior wall: transversalis fascia reinforced by conjoint tendon

25
Q

Coverings of the spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia–> cremasteric fascia–> internal spermatic fascia

26
Q

Contents of the spermatic cord

A

artery and vessel of ductus deferens
ilioinguinal nerve
ductus deferens
testicular plexus
testicular artery
genitofemoral n. genital branch
cremasteric a. and v. (within the muscle)
pampiniform plexus (testicular veins)- veins that form a plexus around the testicular artery in the center

27
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

protrusion of the peritoneal sac through a weakened abdominal wall

peritoneal sac goes through abdominal wall

28
Q

What is dangerous about an inguinal hernia in relation to the viscera?

A

the viscera may become trapped and twisted, compromising blood supply

29
Q

Risk factors for inguinal hernia

A

obesity, aging, genetics, being male, certain occupations

30
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

bowel passes lateral to inf. epigastric vessels

** abdominal contents pass through rings and canal

congenital

most common > 66%

31
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

bowel passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels

**bowel DOES NOT go into the spermatic cord

acquired

less common < 33%

32
Q

What is the ductus deferens and its purpose?

A

thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation.

The ductus deferens is a muscular tube that is located within the spermatic cord and is a major component of the male reproductive system. It is a continuation of the epididymis and is involved in transporting spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.

33
Q

Iliohypogastric n. function (L1)

A

sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

34
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-3) function:

A

sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh

CLINICAL ANATOMY-ABDOMEN (5 decks)

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