Post-traumatic Agitation Flashcards
What can be used to objectively measure post-traumatic agitation
Agitation behavior scale
What are the 4 dopamine pathways in the brain
- Mesolimbic
- Nigrostriatial
- Mesocortical
- Tuberoinfundibular
Relationship between acetylcholine levels and dopamine levels in the nigrostriatial pathway
Less acetylcholine = more dopamine
What 2 medications do you use to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Beta-blockers
2. Dantrolene
Demented elderly patients treated with ________ experienced more TIAs and strokes
Risperidone
Which BZDs are preferred to treat post-traumatic agitation due to their short duration
Lorazepam or midazolam
___________ is an atypical antipsychotic that can cause agranulocytosis
Clozapine
_________ is an atypical antipsychotic that is also often used for sleep due to its sedating effects
Quetiapine (seroquel)
At higher doses of this medication, there are higher incidences of extra-pyramidal symptoms with this drug than with other atypical
Risperidone
Physical restraints should be used for agitation only if…
Patient is a danger to self or others
Why are atypical antipsychotics safer than typical antipsychotics
Less side effects due to less dopamine blockage - tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, dystonia, akasthisia
What can be used to treat aggressive hypersexual behavior
Medroxyprogesterone (depo-provera)
In general, what is the MOA of antipsychotics? What do they block?
They block dopamine receptors
2 main typical antipsychotics
Haloperidol and chlorpromazine
What class of medication has the best evidence for efficacy in treating posttraumatic agitation
Beta blockers (propranolol and metoprolol)
