POST TEST 2 Flashcards
Who discovered the ABO blood group system and first conducted forward and reverse typing?
a. Karl Landsteiner
b. Gregor Mendel
c. Alexander Fleming
d. Rosalind Franklin
Karl Landsteiner
What is the gene code for the ABO alleles?
a. IA, IB, IC
b. I, II, III
c. IA, IB, i
d. A, B, O
IA, IB, i
What type of antibody is naturally occurring in the ABO system?
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgM
d. IgE
IgM
Which blood type has the greatest amount of H antigen?
a. A1
b. O
c. AB
d. B
O
What reaction characterizes Bombay phenotype when tested with Anti-H lectin?
a. Positive reaction
b. Negative reaction
c. Mixed-field reaction
d. Weak reaction
Negative reaction
What is the principle of reverse blood typing?
a. Detecting antigens on red blood cells
b. Detecting antibodies in the serum
c. Detecting H antigens in saliva
d. Detecting ABO isoagglutinins
Detecting antibodies in the serum
Which substance is responsible for the H specificity in blood type O?
a. Galactose
b. L-fucose
c. N-acetylglucosamine
d. Glucose
L-fucose
Which weak A subgroup demonstrates a mixed-field pattern with Anti-A?
a. A3
b. Ax
c. Aend
d. Am
A3
What is the frequency of blood type A1 among individuals with blood type A?
a. 20%
b. 50%
c. 80%
d. 100%
80%
Which discrepancy group occurs due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies in reverse typing?
a. Group I
b. Group II
c. Group III
d. Group IV
Group I
What is the most immunogenic Rh antigen, often causing Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)?
a. C
b. E
c. D
d. e
D
What chromosome carries the genes for Rh antigens?
a. Chromosome 6
b. Chromosome 9
c. Chromosome 1
d. Chromosome 11
Chromosome 1
Which terminology system assigns numeric designations to Rh antigens, such as Rh:1 for the D antigen?
a. Fisher-Race
b. Wiener
c. Rosenfield
d. ISBT
Rosenfield
What does the phenotype Rh null mean?
a. Weak D expression
b. Absence of all Rh antigens
c. Absence of D antigen only
d. Expression of partial D antigen
Absence of all Rh antigens
What are the primary antibodies involved in Rh sensitization?
a. IgA
b. IgM
c. IgG
d. IgE
IgM
What mechanism explains the C trans positional effect in Weak D antigen expression?
a. Gene deletion
b. Mutations in the Rh gene
c. D antigen weakened by C being in the trans position
d. Partial D expression due to epitope loss
Partial D expression due to epitope loss
What antigen must be present for successful expression of Rh antigens?
a. RHD
b. RHCE
c. RHAG
d. LW
RHAG
What causes hemolysis in HDN due to Rh incompatibility?
a. IgM antibodies binding to fetal RBCs
b. IgG antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal RBCs
c. D antigen binding to maternal RBCs
d. Lack of ABO compatibility
IgG antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal RBCs
Which term refers to a mosaic form of the D antigen with missing portions?
a. Weak D
b. Partial D
c. Rh null
d. D deletion
Partial D
What is the corrective action for rouleaux formation causing false-positive Rh typing?
a. Use saline-suspended cells
b. Retype using new reagents
c. Test on a fresh slide
d. Heat the cells to 37°C
Use saline-suspended cells
What is the primary purpose of the antiglobulin (AHG) test?
a. To detect the presence of Rh antigens
b. To measure hemoglobin levels
c. To detect RBCs sensitized with IgG or complement
d. To diagnose blood cancers
To detect RBCs sensitized with IgG or complement
What is the key difference between the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) and the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)?
a. DAT detects in vivo sensitization, while IAT detects in vitro sensitization
b. DAT uses polyspecific AHG, while IAT uses monospecific AHG
c. DAT requires incubation, while IAT does not
d. Both tests detect in vivo sensitization
DAT detects in vivo sensitization, while IAT detects in vitro sensitization
What is the recommended minimum number of washes for RBCs during AHG testing?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Five
Three
Which antibody class is primarily detected in the AHG test?
a. IgA
b. IgM
c. IgG
d. IgE
IgG
What type of AHG reagent contains antibodies to both IgG and C3d?
a. Monospecific anti-IgG
b. Polyspecific AHG
c. Monospecific anti-C3d
d. Hybridoma-derived AHG
Polyspecific AHG
