Post Modern Philosophers Flashcards
What is empiricism ?
The view that knowledge that knowledge is dependent on experience
What was locke’s main idea?
The mind is like a blank state, it begins empty and is metaphorically shaped and written by our experiences
What was bacon’s main theory?
He believed that in order to reach a conclusion, scientist must apply a empiricism approach
BACON: What were the 4 flaws in the idea of thinking? HCMT
- HUMAN PERCEPTION + REASONING
sometimes our senses deceive us - THE IDOLS OF THE CAVE
bias opinions due to upbringing and environment
3.IDOLS OF THE MARKET PLACE
mistakes and miscommunication may cause inaccuracies
- IDOLS OF THE THEATRE
dogmatic beliefs associated with philosophical theories
What did George Berkley believe?
Believed that there can be no physical objects, all that exists is physical ideas and that the ultimate cause of ideas being experienced is God
What did Hume believe?
He believed that experente only tells us what we have experienced in the past, not what will happen in the future
What was rationalism?
The belief that logic is more important than experience
What was the classic rationalist argument?
Believed that innate ideas could not be acquired through experienced and therefore, must be innate instead
What did Thomas Hobbes argue ?
Believe that everything that existed was material
Claims that sensations are caused by external material exerting pressure on sensory organs
What did Hobbes argue about being free?
He believed that is was possible for a person to be free which meant the ability to do what one desires
What did hobbe believe in to govern people?
Believed in sovereign or else society without a sovereign would be bad
What was decartes main theory ?
Believed that knowledge is based on reason, rather than experiences with the sensory wold
What did decartes believe about human mind and body
Believed that humans here composed of body and mind
What is decarte’s method of inquiry?
① resolved to be guided by reason and only accepted clear truths
② believed he should divide the intellectual problems he face into parts
③ began his inquiry with simpler matters below attempting to solve more complex issues
④ revised for errors
What was Jacques’s Rousseau Main theory?
Believed that state of natte is solitary but happy
Although people in the state of nature cannot escape sadness, there are plenty of resources to meet basic needs
What did Rousseau believe about humans?
Believed that humans feel pity for the suffering of others, so humans in the state of nature act from an instinct for self preservation
HUMAN CAPACITIES ARE NATURALLY GOOD
What did Rousseau say about society
He said humans can be perfect but its society that corrupts us
HOWEVER it is society that helps us develop morals and reason
What was kant’s main idea?
He argued that the parl organizes experiences, rather than passively receiving ideas
What did Kant say about moral choices ?
Kant beloved that moral choices must be judged by not them consequences but the good will of the moral agent
What was categorical imperative -Kant ?
Kant believed to have “good will” is to act on moral principles that are justified by reson
A person should act that the principal of ones act could
could become a universal law of human action in a world in which one would hope to live
A person should treat other people as having intrinsic value and not a piece to help them achieve their goals
What did Berkley believe?
Believed knowledge was based on experience
Denied that material matter exist at all→ there an no material objects
Believed our ideas are caused by God
What was David Hume’s 3 main idea?
1.Believed that the mental construct of the move consists ‘ of ideas and impressions
- Believed to be no sense of self at all → self is just a collection of impressions,ideas, etc.
- no such thing as as sense of self
What was John Stewart’s main idea?
He believed in utilitarism
Explain utilitarism & the principal of utility:
UTILITARISM: a utilitarian considers issues from numerous points and views to find how to bring the greatest good for the most people
THE PRINCIPAL OF UTILITY: states that a morally good choice is the one that results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
