Post Modern Philosophers

Question 1

What is empiricism ?

Answer 1

The view that knowledge that knowledge is dependent on experience

Question 2

What was locke’s main idea?

Answer 2

The mind is like a blank state, it begins empty and is metaphorically shaped and written by our experiences

Question 3

What was bacon’s main theory?

Answer 3

He believed that in order to reach a conclusion, scientist must apply a empiricism approach

Question 4

BACON: What were the 4 flaws in the idea of thinking? HCMT

Answer 4

1. HUMAN PERCEPTION + REASONING
   sometimes our senses deceive us
2. THE IDOLS OF THE CAVE
   bias opinions due to upbringing and environment

3.IDOLS OF THE MARKET PLACE
mistakes and miscommunication may cause inaccuracies

3. IDOLS OF THE THEATRE
   dogmatic beliefs associated with philosophical theories

Question 5

What did George Berkley believe?

Answer 5

Believed that there can be no physical objects, all that exists is physical ideas and that the ultimate cause of ideas being experienced is God

Question 6

What did Hume believe?

Answer 6

He believed that experente only tells us what we have experienced in the past, not what will happen in the future

Question 7

What was rationalism?

Answer 7

The belief that logic is more important than experience

Question 8

What was the classic rationalist argument?

Answer 8

Believed that innate ideas could not be acquired through experienced and therefore, must be innate instead

Question 9

What did Thomas Hobbes argue ?

Answer 9

Believe that everything that existed was material

Claims that sensations are caused by external material exerting pressure on sensory organs

Question 10

What did Hobbes argue about being free?

Answer 10

He believed that is was possible for a person to be free which meant the ability to do what one desires

Question 11

What did hobbe believe in to govern people?

Answer 11

Believed in sovereign or else society without a sovereign would be bad

Question 12

What was decartes main theory ?

Answer 12

Believed that knowledge is based on reason, rather than experiences with the sensory wold

Question 13

What did decartes believe about human mind and body

Answer 13

Believed that humans here composed of body and mind

Question 14

What is decarte’s method of inquiry?

Answer 14

① resolved to be guided by reason and only accepted clear truths

② believed he should divide the intellectual problems he face into parts

③ began his inquiry with simpler matters below attempting to solve more complex issues

④ revised for errors

Question 15

What was Jacques’s Rousseau Main theory?

Answer 15

Believed that state of natte is solitary but happy
Although people in the state of nature cannot escape sadness, there are plenty of resources to meet basic needs

Question 16

What did Rousseau believe about humans?

Answer 16

Believed that humans feel pity for the suffering of others, so humans in the state of nature act from an instinct for self preservation

HUMAN CAPACITIES ARE NATURALLY GOOD

Question 17

What did Rousseau say about society

Answer 17

He said humans can be perfect but its society that corrupts us

HOWEVER it is society that helps us develop morals and reason

Question 18

What was kant’s main idea?

Answer 18

He argued that the parl organizes experiences, rather than passively receiving ideas

Question 19

What did Kant say about moral choices ?

Answer 19

Kant beloved that moral choices must be judged by not them consequences but the good will of the moral agent

Question 20

What was categorical imperative -Kant ?

Answer 20

Kant believed to have “good will” is to act on moral principles that are justified by reson

A person should act that the principal of ones act could
could become a universal law of human action in a world in which one would hope to live

A person should treat other people as having intrinsic value and not a piece to help them achieve their goals

Question 21

What did Berkley believe?

Answer 21

Believed knowledge was based on experience

Denied that material matter exist at all→ there an no material objects

Believed our ideas are caused by God

Question 22

What was David Hume’s 3 main idea?

Answer 22

1.Believed that the mental construct of the move consists ‘ of ideas and impressions

2. Believed to be no sense of self at all → self is just a collection of impressions,ideas, etc.
3. no such thing as as sense of self

Question 23

What was John Stewart’s main idea?

Answer 23

He believed in utilitarism

Question 24

Explain utilitarism & the principal of utility:

Answer 24

UTILITARISM: a utilitarian considers issues from numerous points and views to find how to bring the greatest good for the most people

THE PRINCIPAL OF UTILITY: states that a morally good choice is the one that results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people