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Europe In The 20th Century > Post-Midterm Notes > Flashcards

Post-Midterm Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Primo de Rivera?

A

Man who ran the “sleepy dictatorship in Spain

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2
Q

Who was Francino Large Cabellero?

A

Leader of the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE)

A modest socialist: tried to implement agrarian reforms. Built schools. Not a horrible socialist.

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3
Q

What is entryism?

A

When communists infiltrated non-communist parties to drive the party to the left.
Mainly involved the youth.
Cabellerismo: personalist cult that followed Lenin

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4
Q

What was CEDA?

A

The “autonomous rightist groups” that defeated the socialist party in Spain in Nov. 1933

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5
Q

Who was Generalissimo Francisco Franco?

A

Led the Spanish army when Spain was breaking apart.
“A man with a cold heart, a cool head, and a great intelligence
“one of the most successful public men of the 20th century” (Paul Johnson)
When fighting, he restored motion to battles. No more stalemates.
Believed the army was the only true national institution
Despised socialists and communists

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6
Q

What was the Falange and the Carlists?

A

Falange: Spain’s fascist movement
Carlists: Spain’s conservative monarchical movement
Franco did not associate with these far leaning political groups

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7
Q

What were Franco’s view on politics?

A

Believed the army was the only true national institution
Despised socialists and communists
Hated all politicians and politics: “Only those who live off politics should fear our movement” 1936.

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8
Q

What was the purpose of the Soviet Comintern?

A

To stir up revolution in other countries. Worked to subordinate communist parties to the foreign policy goals of the Soviet Union.

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9
Q

What is the popular front?

A

Introduced by Stalin in August 1935 during the meeting of the comiterm
idea to use committed communists to infiltrate/control socialist paries
Used to expand Stalin’s influence of communism

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10
Q

Who was Delores Ibarrari (La Pasionara)

A

Said to have cut a priest’s throat

Represented a sharp divide between the political left and right. No political middle.

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11
Q

What was the Poum (Marxista)?

A

Part of the popular front: Social youth movement that combines with the communist movement.
Street violence expands.

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12
Q

What was the Condor Legion?

A

Spain

Practicing military techniques

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13
Q

Who was Alexander Orlov?

A

The Russian leader that infoltrated the POUM party.

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14
Q

Who replaced Cabellero when he was assassinated?

A

Juan Negrin: a trusted friend of Stalin

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15
Q

What was the convent of St .Ursula: “The Dachau of Republican Spain”?

A

A Catholic organization that was purged by the Repulbicans, who took over and turned it over into their killing place.

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16
Q

Who were the good and bad guys of the Spanish civil war?

A

The repulbicans were the good guys because of their propoganda portrayal, while the nationalists were considered bad.

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17
Q

What city did the Nationalists bomb on April 26, 1937?

A

Guernica: this started the habit of city bombing that was popular in WWII.

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18
Q

When did the Spanish civil war end?

A

1939: Stalin stopped funding them because they ran out of gold.

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19
Q

Who was the main Austrian leader?

A

Engelbert Dollfuss, cleric o fascist
Devout Roman Catholic and early enemy of Hitler. Supported the peasant democracy (Green Revolution), authoritarian
Member of the Christian Social Party.

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20
Q

What was the Quadragesimo Anno?

A

Written by Pius XI in 1931

Strengthened embrace of family wage, peasant ownership, building of economic cooperatives (unifying owners and workers)

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21
Q

What was Austria’s nickname?

A

“Red Vienna”

22
Q

What was Engels hop, Karl Marx hof?

A

Lots of apartments with community bathrooms
Used to socialize family life
Govt. built living space for workers.

23
Q

What was the Heimwehr?

A

A free corps unit organized in Austria and after the great war.
Private militia that became a political party: Radical right

24
Q

How did Dollfuss become Austria’s dictator?

A

March 1933: Dispute with railway workers
Paliament leaders resigned their posts, so Dollfuss abolished them and ruled by decree
Did not get much support because he didn’t support Hitler. Did get support from Mussolini supported him.

25
Q

What was Christian Corportavism?

A

May 1934
Attempted to put Quadragesimo Anno into action
New Economic Council pushed for this.
Believed that social problems should be at the basic level.

26
Q

Who was Dollfuss’ successor?

A

Dollfuss assassinated by Nazis.
Successor Kurt Scuschnigg
Believed that Dollfuss was a “fanatical believer in Austria”

27
Q

Who was Antonio Salazar?

A 
Stabilized the Portugese economy
Was the PM for 4 decades
devout Roman Catholic 
Favored authoritarian corporative liberalism
 Renounced fascism
28
Q

What country did King Carol II rule in?

A

Romania

29
Q

What did King Carol II do?

A

Ruled in 1931.
Forced the agrarian leader to resign.
Abolish all political parties

30
Q

Who is the leader Romania’s iron guard?

A

Corneliu Z. Codreanu

31
Q

Describe Romania’s iron guard.

A

Was the agrarian party. Pro peasant. Strongly anti-somatic

Increased violence and the youth movement in Romania

32
Q

When was the front of national rebirth established In Romania?

A

When the iron guard and all political parties were abolished.
Killed codreanu
Attempted to destroy the iron guard, but failed.

33
Q

Who was the new iron guard leader after condreanu?

A

Ion Antonescu

34
Q

Who replaces King Carol II of Romania after he flees?

A

King Michael
Believed in Monarcho-fascism
A fascist king

35
Q

Who said “it is impossible that pure races still exist”?

A

Richard N. Coudenhove-kalergi
Pan-Europe
Emphasize that European nations were not united through blood, but through spirits
Wanted to build a sense of European-ness.

36
Q

Who said “the cultural unity of the occident (west) gives us the right to speak of the European nation”?

A

Richard N. Coudenhove-kalergi
Pan-Europe
Trying to unify Europe and deemphasize nationalism.

37
Q

Who said “we are living in a demented world”?

A

John hutzinga
“The Shadow of tomorrow”
The rise of the irrationality as the dominant force in Europe
Men act as if they were slaves to a motto.
Encouragement of free reign to the passions

38
Q

Who wrote “I was right for it, and lived in the disintegrating society thirsting for Faith”

A

Arthur koestler
“I was ripe to be converted”
Story of why a man embraced communism. It was an answer to German inflation.

39
Q

Who said “the war… Disclosed that that chaos moves beneath the false civilization of capitalism”?

A

Nicolas berdaev
“Modern ideologies at variance with Christianity”
Materialism from capitalism completely pushes out the human.

40
Q

Who said “racialist anti-Semitism inevitably leads to anti-Christianity”?

A

Nicolas berdaev
“Modern ideologies at variance with Christianity”
It is impossible for Christians to hate Jews

41
Q

What were the Steps to war in 1935?

A

France and Britain go their separate ways and do not defend the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany and England sign a Navy treaty.
France and Soviet Russia sign a treaty that promises each other aid in unprovoked aggression.
Mussolini and Italy attempt to conquer Ethiopia

42
Q

Who said “I was defending the cause of all small peoples who are threatened with aggression”?

A

Hailey selassie
“It is international morality that is at stake”
The Ethiopian emperor addresses the league of Nations and warns them that if they don’t defend the small peoples, then they will fail in the future
Small nations cannot be ignored

43
Q

What happened March 7, 1936?

A

The Rhineland was demilitarized
Hitler orders troops to enter the Rhineland. His army opposes this because they believe France and Britain will attack. However France and Britain do nothing because of German guilt, and Belgium doesn’t attack.
An easy German victory

44
Q

How did Hitler take over Austria?

A

Saw that Dollfuss was dead and his successor Kirschnig Was initially bullied into putting Nazis in charge of the police and legalizing the Nazi party.
The leader instead looked To Britain and France for help but didn’t get any.

45
Q

What is Anschluss?

A

March 13, 1938

Germany absorbed Austria as another province

46
Q

Who said “what was new was a shameless delight in public torture”?

A

Stefan zweig
“The world of yesterday”
A new form of sick humiliation, Usually of the Jews.
Refinements of humiliation
Describes Vienna, Austria after the Anschluss

47
Q

What happened on November 5, 1937?

A

The hassbach
A memorandum secret meeting with Foreign Minister and leader of military.
Emphasize that Germany must gain living space
Hitler realized that Germany’s window of opportunity was now because England was isolationist, France was weak, Soviet Union was divided

48
Q

And what order did Hitler plan to attack other European countries?

A

Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Soviet Union.

His Foreign Minister objected and thought it was suicidal

49
Q

What was Czechoslovakia like in 1938, before Hitler attacked?

A

A prosperous and stables nation where Landmor forms were successful. Had strong and effective modern military

50
Q

What was the Sudetenland?

A

Where Germans lived in Czechoslovakia. Hitler demanded that these suppress Germans be transported back to Germany.

51
Q

When Czechoslavakia was being attacked by Hitler, who were the leaders in France and Britain?

A

France: Eduoard Daladier
Britain: Neville Chamberlain

52
Q

What was the Munich agreement?

A

Said that Germany could take over Czech.

Europe In The 20th Century (4 decks)

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