Deck 1

Question 1

What were the four dynastic families that ruled in the 19th and 20th century?

Answer 1

1. The house of Osman (Ottomans) 1288-1922
2. The Hapaburgs (1218-1918)
3. The Romanovs (Russia) (1615-1917)
4. The Hohenzollerns (Germany/Prussia)

Question 2

Who was he house of the Osmans (Ottomans)?

Answer 2

1288-1922
Came from Turkish and Muslim tribes
18th century: ottoman power began to decline and was known as he sick man of Europe
The leaders were poorly educated and ignorant

Question 3

Who were the janissaries?

Answer 3

The army composed of small children taken from Christian homes and trained as Muslims. Found in the ottoman empire.

Question 4

What is a harem?

Answer 4

The group of 900 wives, 300 cooks, and 1000 servants who served the sultan.

Question 5

Who was Abdul Hamid?

Answer 5

Lead the ottoman empire into the 20th century
More progressive
Created Pan-Islamism and became a caliph

Question 6

What is a caliph?

Answer 6

A military leader against Christian armies

Question 7

Who were the Hapsburgs (Austria-Hungary)?

Answer 7

More landlords than rulers
Relief on astute marriages to gain different lords
Battled against and distrusted nationalism: habit and medieval land and property law ruled them

Question 8

Who was Franz Joseph?

Answer 8

Created absolute power to the Hapsburg empire: sought to unify Germany, but failed
Created a dual monarchy

Question 9

What was the dual monarchy?

Answer 9

Hapsburg divide between Austria and Hungary.
Hungary was an oligarchy and suppressed the minorities (Slavics)
Austrian: easy going and filled with culture

Question 10

Who were the Romanovs (Russians)?

Answer 10

“the fifth act of tragedy played in the brothel”

Royal family murdered each other

Question 11

Who was Peter the Great?

Answer 11

Grandson of Michael Romanov
Turned Russia into a military structure
Built up St. Petersburg (modern)

Question 12

Who was Alexander II?

Answer 12

New kind of Romanov

Abolished serfdom, but did not transfer complete ownership from the master to the serf

Question 13

Who were the Narodniki?

Answer 13

Russian students who saw the souls of Russia being the peasants: loved peasants. Killed Alexander II

Question 14

Who was Nicholas II?

Answer 14

Son of Alexander III: faithful father, husband, and Christian
Still believed in absolute power

Question 15

Who were the Hohenzollerns (Germany/Prussia)?

Answer 15

Create a Brandenburg Prussia: military state (“all of my subjects are born to be soldiers”- Frederick the great)
Otto von Bismarck was part of this empire
Wilhelm II: mitteleuropa and fired Otto Von Bismarck

Question 16

Why was the Third French Republic?

Answer 16

Weak executive and strong parliament
Sm. farms and sm. factories
Sought alliances and hoped to regain territories
Wanted to build and expand French empire outside of France in Africa (colonization)

Question 17

What was the British empire?

Answer 17

1900: most powerful nation on earth: industry, best navy, financial center of the world, massive colonization
Wanted to defend he seas and their territories
Wanted to prevent one nation from dominating Europe

Question 18

What was the Italian Empire?

Answer 18

Protest against the pope and Rome

Attempted to unify the country

Question 19

What was Spain’s empire?

Answer 19

1900: recovering from Spanish American war: lost Cuba, and other territories, which created a national crisis
Influential socialists, communists, anarchists destroyed the state

Question 20

What was the Switzerland empire?

Answer 20

Divided into many European cultures
Committed to neutrality: did not enter any wars
Strongly decentralized govt.: local govt more popular
A great center of enterprise

Question 21

What was the Serbia empire?

Answer 21

Lost independence to the ottomans, but were fully independent by the 1880’s