Post abs of carbs Flashcards
What are the possible fates of glucose?
1) Metabolised to produce energy (ATP)
2) Conversion to glycogen for storage (liver and skeletal muscle)
3) Synthesis of other cellular components
4) conversion to fat for storage
What is the preparative phase of glycolysis?
glucose to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate - requires ATP
What is the generating phase of glycolysis?
Generating phase - fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to (2) pyruvate - generates ATP and NADH
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 - pyruvate
2 - ATP (Net production)
2 - NADH
What are the control points of glycolysis?
Hexokinase/glucokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Describe glycolysis in anaerobic situation
When o2 is not available, pyruvate cannot be taken up so it is converted to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase.
Where does glycogen synthesis mostly take place?
Liver and skeletal muscle
What are the control points for glycogen synthesis?
Glycogen synthase
Needs a primer - glycogenin
chain elongation
How is glycogen broken down?
Glucose-1-phosphate is converted to glucose-6-phosphate.
What can fatty acids be used for?
converted to triacylglycerols (triglycerides) for storage.
Used to synthesise other lipids for membranes etc.
Which tissues and where does fatty acid and lipid synthesis from sugars occur?
Mainly in the liver, adipose tissue and breast tissue
Cell cytosol
What are the control points of lipid synthesis?
Acetyl coA —> malonyl coA using acetyl coA carboxylase
Continuation of malonyl coA addition to produce palmitate
Palmitate splits to form fatty acids.
What does insulin stimulate?
Glycolysis
How are triglycerides (triaglycerol synthesis) synthesised?
3 fatty acids are attached to molecule of glycerol-3-phosphate. Occurs in the ER
