L5: Stomach Flashcards by Nikita Padmakumar

LES (oesophagus) and cardia regions of stomach secrete which of the following:
H+
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
HCO3-
Pepsinogens
Lipase

HCO3-

Mucus

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Antrum and pylorus regions of stomach secrete which of the following:
H+
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
HCO3-
Pepsinogens
Lipase

H+
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
HCO3-
Pepsinogens
Lipase

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Fundus and body regions of stomach secrete which of the following:
H+
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
HCO3-
Pepsinogens
Lipase

Mucus

HCO3-

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Gastric motility takes place in which region of stomach?

Antrum

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Which type of signalling sensors via the vagus nerve is accommodation in the stomach dependent on?

Strecth signalling sensors

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What are the two roles of the duodenum in the control of gastric emptying?

1) Senses delivery of acid, amino acids, lipids

2) Secretes hormones

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What do chief (peptic) cells secrete?

Pepsinogen

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What type of hormone is gastrin?

Peptide hormone

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What type of cells release gastrin?

G cells

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What 2 forms of G cells are released?

Where are they mainly secreted from?

G17 - antrum of stomach

G34 - duodenum

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What is the role of CCK-PZ?

Causes release of digestive enzymes and bile –> suppresses hunger

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What stimulates gastrin release?

Lumeneal proteins/amino acids

Parasympathetic input

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What type of hormone is somatostatin?

Peptide hormone

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What are the 2 forms of amino acids in somatostatin?

Which of the two are mostly in the gut?

14 and 28

mostly in gut = 28aa

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What Is released from D cells?

Somatostatin - 14aa and 28aa

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What does somatostatin inhibit?

Release of gastrin

Oxyntic/Parietal cells secrete what in response to histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin?

Acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor

What is the name of the intrinsic factor secreted by parietal/oxyntic cells?
What does it bind to?

55 kDa glycoprotein

Cobalamin

Where are endoproteases cut?

Within peptide chain (not at terminal end)

What is the optimum pH of pepsin?

What pH denatures it?

2-3

Above 5-7

What is the optimum pH of gastric lipase?

What is the optimum pH of ptyalin a-amylase?

At what pH does it denature?

Parietal/oxyntic cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor in response to which 3 molecules?
How do the receptors of these moelcules respond?

Histamine - increase cAMP
Acetylcholine - increase intracellular Ca2+
Gastrin - increase intracellular Ca2+

Which intrinsic factor is released by parietal cells into the stomach?

55 kDa glycoprotein

Where does intrinsic factor bind to colbalamin (Vit B12)?

Small intestine

Which part of the brain controls vomiting?

Area postrema

Name 4 consequences of vomiting?

Salivation Sweating Hyperventilation Retrograde peristalsis (loss of normal gut motility)