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GI > L1: Intro to nutrition > Flashcards

L1: Intro to nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of macronutrients?

A

Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What are examples of micronutrients?

A

Vitamins

Minerals

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3
Q

Which 3 things is energy expenditure dependent on?

A 
Basic metabolic rate
Amount and intensity of physical activity
Energy intake (energy expenditure to maintain weight)
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4
Q

Which macronutrient is the main source of energy?

By how much?

A

Fat stores

80-90%

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5
Q

Which macronutrients can be stored?

A

Excess fats and carbohydrates can be stored

Proteins cannot be stored

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6
Q

An average adult requires how much protein per gram per kilogram per day?

A

0.75g/kg/day

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7
Q

What would be the nitrogen balance (proportion of nitrogen intake:excretion) in a healthy adult?

A

intake = exceretion

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8
Q

When would there be a positive nitrogen balance?

A

Growth

Pregnancy

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9
Q

When would there be a negative nitrogen balance?

A

Fasting

Illness

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10
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids that cannot be synthesised and must be obtainedfrom diet?

A 
Methionine
Valine
Histidine
Leucine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Lysine
Threonine
(Many Very Happy Little Frogs Try Iced Lemon Tea)
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11
Q

Which 3 amino acids are lacking in plant proteins?

A

Tryptophan
Methionine
Cysteine
(Try Me Cys)

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12
Q 
Which of the following types of fatty acids have more than one double bond?
Saturated
Mono-unstaurated
Poly-unstaurated
Trans (hydrogenated)
A

Poly-unstaurated

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13
Q 
Which of the following types of fatty acids does not have a double bond?
Saturated
Mono-unstaurated
Poly-unstaurated
Trans (hydrogenated)
A

Saturated

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14
Q 
Which of the following types of fatty acids are found in meat and dairy products?
Saturated
Mono-unstaurated
Poly-unstaurated
Trans (hydrogenated)
A

Saturated

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15
Q 
Which of the following types of fatty acids are found in sunflower/corn oil?
Saturated
Mono-unstaurated
Poly-unstaurated
Trans (hydrogenated)
A

Poly-unstaurated

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16
Q 
Which of the following types of fatty acids are found in cakes/biscuits/pastry?
Saturated
Mono-unstaurated
Poly-unstaurated
Trans (hydrogenated)
A

Trans (hydrogenated)

17
Q 
Which of the following types of carbohydrates is a dietary fibre?
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
Non-starch polysaccharide
A

Non-starch polysaccharide

18
Q 
Which of the following types of carbohydrates is sucrose?
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
Non-starch polysaccharide
A

Disaccharides

19
Q

Which sugar is linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome?

A

Fructose

20
Q

Majority of vitamins are converted into molecules which act as what coenzymes except?

A

Vitamins A, D, E

21
Q

Which two elements are major electrolytes:

  • within cells?
  • in extracellular fluid
A

within cells = potassium

extracellular fluid = sodium

22
Q

People with scurvy are deficient of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

23
Q

Which age group are more at risk of scurvy?

A

Elderly

24
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can result in what condition in aduts?

A

Osteomalacia

25
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can result in what condition in children?

A

Rickets

26
Q

Which 3 problems are at an increased risk for people with Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Auto-immune diseases
Cancers
Muscle weakness (in elderly)

27
Q

Which type of people are at high risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency and why?

A

Vegans - B12 is only found in animal sources

28
Q

What 2 problems can Vitamin B12 deficiency cause?

A

Anaemia

Ireeversible neurological damage

29
Q

What process is folic acid vital for?

A

DNA synthesis

30
Q

What embryological defect arises with a folic acid deficiency?

A

Neural tube defects

31
Q

Which group of people are advised to take folate supplements?

A

Pregnant women

GI (14 decks)

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