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GI > GI Embryology > Flashcards

GI Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

The primitive gut tube is formed from what type of folding during weeks 3-4?

A

Cranio-caudal

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2
Q

Where is the epithelial lining derived from?

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

Where are smooth muscle and connective tissue derived from?

A

surrounding visceral mesoderm

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4
Q

Where is visceral peritoneum derived from?

A

Visceral mesoderm

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5
Q

Where is parietal peritoneum derived from?

A

Parietal mesoderm

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6
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery suspend from the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Primitive gut tube

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7
Q

Where does the dorsal mesentery extend from?

A

Lower oesophagus to cloaca

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8
Q

Where does the ventral mesentery extend from?

A

Lower oesophagus to 1st part of duodenum

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9
Q

Which mesentery is the falciform ligament and lesser omentum formed from - dorsal or ventral?

A

Ventral mesentery

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10
Q

What 3 things do mesenteries supply?

A

1) Blood
2) Lymph
3) Nerves

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11
Q

What are arteries of the GI tract derived from?

A

Vitelline arteries

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12
Q

Formation of definitive gut lumen:

What happens in week 6?

A

Proliferation of endoderm occludes gut tube

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13
Q

Formation of definitive gut lumen:

What is recanalisation and when does it occur?

A

Creation of vacuoles

Week 7-8

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14
Q

Formation of definitive gut lumen:

What happens in week 9?

A

Vacuoles coalesce to fully recanalise gut tube

Epithelium further differentiates

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15
Q

What occurs from abnormal recanalisation?

A

Duplications of GI tract

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16
Q

What occurs from incomplete recanalisation?

A

Narrowing (stenosis) or blocking (atresia) of gut tube

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17
Q

What is polyhydramnios?

A

Separation of proximal and distal ends of oesophgaus to prevent foetus swallowing amniotic fluid by returning it to mother’s circulation

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18
Q

What week does the oesophagus form and where does it form in relation to the lung bud?

A

Week 4

Caudually

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19
Q

Which mesoderm forms smooth muscle and endodermal epithelial lining?

A

Visceral mesoderm

20
Q

Which mesoderm forms some skeletal muscle?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

21
Q

During which weeks does the oesophagus lengthen rapidly as the stomach descends to the abdomen?

A

Weeks 4-7

22
Q

How does part of the stomach position following insufficient elongation?

A

Supradiaphragmatically

23
Q

In what week does the dilation of the foregut expose the stomach?

A

Week 4

24
Q

What type of growth in the foregut takes place during week 5?

A

Differential growth

25
Q

When the stomach rotates craniocaudally what is the space created behind it called?

A

Omental bursa

26
Q

What connects the greater and lesser sacs?

A

Epiploic foramen

27
Q

What causes pyloric stenosis (narrowing of pyloric sphincter)?

A

Hypertrophy of smooth muscle

28
Q

Is congenital pyloric stenosis more common amongst males or females?

A

Males (5:1 ratio of males:females)

29
Q

Which of the following processes are restricted with pyloric stenosis:

  • gastric motility
  • gastric emptying
  • gastric digestion
A

Gastric emptying

30
Q

During which weeks does the stomach undergo rotation?

A

Weeks 7-8

31
Q

In which direction and by what angle does the stomach rotate?

A

90* clockwise around craniocaudal axis

32
Q

Stomach rotation:

What happens to lesser curvature?

A

Moves from ventral to right

33
Q

Stomach rotation:

What happens to greater curvature?

A

Moves from dorsal to left

34
Q

Stomach rotation:

What happens to left vagus?

A

L vagus trunk becomes ventral

35
Q

Stomach rotation:

What happens to right vagus?

A

R vagus trunk becomes dorsal

36
Q

What are the 2 origins of the duodenum?

A

Foregut

Midgut

37
Q

In which week does the duodenum elongate?

A

Week 4

38
Q

During which week does the midgut and dorsal mesentery undergo rapid elongation?
What is formed as a result?

A

Week 5

Primary intestinal loop

39
Q

What happens to the midgut during week 6?

A

Rapid elongation of midgut

Rapid liver growth

40
Q

Rotation of midgut:

In which direction and by what angle does the midgut rotate?

A

90* anticlockwise

41
Q

Rotation of midgut:

Which direction do the cranial and caudal limbs move?

A

Cranial - right

Caudal - left

42
Q

Rotation of midgut:

What happens during week 10?

A

Midgut returns to abdomen

Rotates 180* anticlockwise

43
Q

Rotation of midgut:

During week 10 the caecum develops wormlike diverticulum - what are these called?

A

Vermiform appendix

44
Q

Rotation of midgut:

During which week does the midgut completely return to the abdomen and undergoes 270* anticlockwise rotation?

A

Week 11

45
Q

What is the ileal diverticulum a remnant of?

A

Vitilline duct

46
Q

What is omphalocele?

A

Failure of midgut to return to abdomen in week 10

GI (14 decks)

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