Possible EXAM questions

Question 1

Interprofessional practice (as similar to the old multi-disciplinary teamwork) involves different professions interacting. Reflect on some of your Prac. placements and consider how different professions interrelate and cooperate (or not) together. 
How do you think that interprofessional communication and interaction could be improved?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Often the simplest method of establishing an airway is …?

Answer 2

Breathing and circulation

Question 3

How is an oropharyngeal (Guedel) airway measured prior to insertion? And what is it’s purpose?

Answer 3

you place it upside down, turn 180 degrees. It is used on unconscious patients as it causes gag reflux on conscious patients. They are measured along the jaw line structure. They are also used to stabilize the tongue so the airway is clear.

Question 4

What are the indications for suctioning an airway?

Answer 4

is necessary to remove mucus, maintain a patent airway, and avoid tracheostomy tube blockages.

Question 5

You are caring for a patient with a haemothorax who has a right-sided chest tube insitu
• Discuss nursing management of chest tubes
• Include your emergency management of the chest tube if it becomes accidently dislodged

Answer 5

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Question 6

Compare and contrast wet dressings, moisture-retentive dressings, and occlusive dressings.

Answer 6

Wet dressings are used for wounds that needs debridement. They are placed wet so it makes it easier to remove the plaque . While occlusive dressings is an occlusive dressing is an air- and water-tight trauma dressing used in first aid

Question 7

Consider the importance of wound bed preparation

Answer 7

provide a systematic approach to the management of wounds. TIME is based on intervention in four clinical areas and leads to an optimal well vascularised wound bed that facilitates the effectiveness of other therapeutic measures.

Question 8

Consider these components of an ECG:

P wave/PP interval/PR interval/QRS complex/QT interval/RR interval/ST segment/ T wave and document physiologically what they reflect is actually going on within the heart

Answer 8

.P wave = SA node firing and atrial depolarisation 
	(contraction = atrial systole)
PR interval = impulse travel time
QRS complex = depolarisation from the AV node through the ventricles (contraction = ventricular systole)
ST segment = start of repolarisation
T wave = ventricular repolarisation 
	(refill = ventricular diastole)
QT interval = total time for ventricular
	depolarisation & repolarisation
U wave = (if present) part of latter 
	phase of ventricular repolarisation

Question 9

Describe (anatomically) the positions of the electrodes and the precautions you need to make in attaching them

Answer 9

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Question 10

What are the 3 cardiac arrythmias commonly associated with cardiac arrest?
Explain why these arrythmias are associated with a cardiac arrest while other arrythmias do not cause a cardiac arrest.

Answer 10

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Question 11

Consider the rates of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) & PE (pulmonary embolus) (as per Smeltzer & Bare). Do you think it is important for you to educate your discharging patients on the clinical manifestations & steps to take if they exhibit signs of VTE? Why?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Explain how you would educate your discharging patient in regard to VTE awareness?

Answer 12

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Question 13

List and discuss the 5 main reasons why catheterisation is performed

Answer 13

Obstruction/retention
Post procedure (surgery/childbirth)

Question 14

Explain “trial to void” procedure in a patient who is required to have their suprapubic catheter (SPC) removed

Answer 14

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Question 15

List and briefly discuss the advantages of a SPC over a urethral catheter.

Answer 15

Advantages of SPC

Comfort & mobility/less UTI/spont. voiding post removal easier

Question 16

List and briefly discuss the main principals of preventing a UTI in a patient with a catheter

Answer 16

Antibiotics

infection control

Question 17

Construct a table (matrix) listing & comparing the various blood components, their composition, indications & considerations (note the Smeltzer & Bare information is much more complete than Tollefson’s)

Answer 17

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Question 18

A postoperative patient you are responsible for has been ordered 2 units of packed cells. Explain the procedure for initiating & managing the transfusion, with particular attention to the IV infusion/observations required & assessment techniques for identifying transfusion reactions.
About 90 mins into the first unit you note the first signs of restlessness and fever. How do you differentiate between a febrile (non-haemolytic) reaction & an acute haemolytic reaction? What are the appropriate nursing interventions in both reactions?

Answer 18

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Question 19

Why does shock affect all body systems (consider the definition of shock)?

Answer 19

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Question 20

Differentiate among the clinical findings during the three stages of shock and identify how the management strategies change as the patient moves from the compensatory stage to the irreversible stage of shock.

Answer 20

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Question 21

V/Q Ratio is a

Answer 21

the balance between the ventilation (bringing oxygen in to /removing CO2 from the alveoli) and the perfusion (removing O2 from the alveoli and adding CO2). The V/Q ratio is important because the ratio between the ventilation and the perfusion is one of the major factors affecting the alveolar (and therefore arterial) levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.