Pharmacology Flashcards
Flucloxacillin IV
Indications
Treatment of confirmed or suspected staphylococcal infections and other Gram positive coccal infections
Pneumonia, skin and skin structure and wound infections, infected burns and cellulitis
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins and multiple allergens
Adverse Reactions
Hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal pain, heartburn and loss of appetite
Bronchospasm
Dosage and Administration Usual adult dosage. Intravenous injection/ infusion. 250 mg to 1 g 6 hourly.
Cefaclor
Indications:
Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Upper respiratory infections, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis and acute bacterial sinusitis.
Community-acquired pneumonia of mild to moderate severity (excluding atypical pneumonia).
Symptomatic lower urinary tract infections, including cystitis.
Skin and skin structure infections.
Contraindications:
Known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics; previous major allergy to penicillin
Adverse Reactions:
Diarrhoea
Nausea and Vomiting
Rash/urticaria
Dosage and Administration (PO) The usual adult dosage is 375 mg twice daily.
Paracetamol (PO)
Analgesic, Antipyretic
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
Peaks 20-120 mins average 51mins
Half life 6 hrs
Contraindications
Other paracetamol containing drugs
Reactions Rare Allergic reactions Dyspepsia Nausea heamatological
Dosage
Adults – 1G every 4 hours (Maximum daily dose of 4G)
Children – 15mg/KG (max 60 - 90mg/kg/day)
Flecainide (PO
Otherwise known as Tambocor
Supraventicular arrythmias, Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter
Peak plasma drug levels are attained at about 3 hours
Contraindications Second or third degree A-V block Right bundle branch block Cardiogenic shock. Known hypersensitivity to the drug.
Reactions Fatigue Palpitations Constipation Tremor Bradycrdia Anxiety Tinnitus …………. Dosage Adults – Initiated 50mg twice daily, increased to a maximum of 400mgs daily (dose dependant on patients needs/alleviation of symptoms)
Heparin (Infusion)
Anticoagulant, antithrombolic
Following IV injection – effective for 3-6hrs
Contraindications
Not for IMI
Hypersensitivity to heparin or Pork products
History of heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Reactions Haemorrhage Thrombocytopenia Skin necrosis at injection site Hypersensitivity Long term use reactions are varied (see MIMS)
Dosage
Treatment of established venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The following regimens may be followed.(i) Continuous intravenous infusion. A bolus dose of 5,000 IU may be given initially followed by an infusion of 20,000 to 40,000 IU in 1 L of sodium chloride injection 0.9% or in any other compatible solution over 24 hours.(ii) Intermittent intravenous injection. An initial dose of 10,000 IU either undiluted or in 50 to 100 mL sodium chloride injection 0.9% followed by 5,000 to 10,000 IU every four to six hours.(iii) Deep subcutaneous injection. A different site should be used for each injection to prevent the development of massive haematoma. Usual dose is 5,000 IU injected intravenously followed by a subcutaneous injection of 10,000 IU every eight hours or 15,000 IU every 12 hours
Coronary Artery/vasodilator drugs oral Anginine (Glyceryl trinitrate)
Give if prescribed and usually takes it If BP > 90 systolic Monitor BP (and Heart Rate!) Effects: reduce pain Cause peripheral and coronary vasodialtion Reduces myocardial oxygen demand Increase blood flow Side effects: dilates blood vessels
Long acting nitrate preparations – Isosorbide dinitrate (isordil), Isosrbide Mononitrate (Imdur)
Development of tolerance
Side effects:
General: hypersensitivity to nitrates
CNS: dizziness and hypotension, headache,
GIT: nausea, vomiting
CV: palpitation, postural hypotension, tachycardia
Contraindicated: increased intracranial pressure, hypersensitivity to nitrates
Administer: empty stomach
Beta blockers – metoprolol, atenolol, propanolol,
Block cardiac-stimulating effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine Reduce: Heart rate Myocardial contractility Blood pressure reduces myocardial oxygen demand Contraindicated: Bradycardia AV conduction blocks Cardiogenic shock NB: Asthma and COPD
Calcium Channel Blockers – verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine
Vasodilators Reduces myocardial oxygen demand Lowers blood pressure Long term prophylaxis **dysrhythmias, heart failure and hypotension
Atenolol (PO)
Otherwise known as Anselol
Hypertension, angina, cardiac arrythmias, MI
beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug which acts preferentially on beta-receptors in the heart.
Contraindications Bronchospasm CCF Allergic disorders Hypotension Sick Sinus Syndrome Shock Etc, etc.
Reactions constipation Nausea Dry mouth Bradycardia Postural hypotension Raynaud's ………….
Dosage
Adults – Initiated 50mg daily, increased to a maximum of 200mgs daily (dose dependant on patients needs/alleviation of symptoms)
