Positive coaching environment for youth references Flashcards
Hamilton et al 2004 said
optimal development enables youth to lead healthy satisfying lives
NRCIM 2002 states positive youth development as
entails physical, intellectual, psychological and social development
Lerner et al 2002 identified
5Cs- Competence, character, connection, confidence and caring
NRCIM 2002 found 8 features of a positive developmental setting
1) Physical and psychological safety
2) appropriate structure
3) supportive relationships
4) opportunities to belong
5) positive social norms
6) support for efficacy
7) opportunities for skill building
8) integration of family, school and community efforts
Fraser-thomas et al 2005 identified …. and …. benefits which were?
Physical
-enhanced motor skills,aerobic fitness, strength and flexibility
- healthier bones muscles and joints
- less gains in fat; lower obesity
-lower risk of physical activity
related health conditions in adulthood
Psycho-behavioural
- enhanced learning and academic performance;greater career success
- improved confidence, self esteem, well being
- lower risk of smoking, drugs, delinquency
Fraser thomas et al 2005 identified potential risks as
increased injury rates and eating disorders
negative experiences result in low self-confidence and self-esteem,stress, burnout and reduced PA
aggressive violent behaviour. sense of entitlement, neglect to schooling
Camera et al 2011 found that
1) underlying philosophy of sport programme
2) attitudes and behaviours of key figures
enhanced positive development
Smith, Smoll and Cumming (2007) founded…. which were… and included…
2 models
professional:
goal is athletic excellency
early specialisation
quality of sport 2nd. winning first
developmental:
sport is educational past time.
goals are participation, enjoyment and healthy development
developmentally appropriate: emphasis on diversification and deliberate play
striving to win, not winning is the aim
Fraser-thomas et al 2005 found which model to impact negatively and in what way>
youth in professional model less in enjoyment-more stress, burnout etc
overemphasis on competition- main reason for dropout
Smith, Smoll and Curtis 1978 did CET and found?
players rated supportive and instructive coaches as more knowledgable, liable and better teachers
perceptions of support and punishment dictated attitude to sport and coach
coaches had little awareness of their actual coaching behaviours
Smith, Smoll and Curtis 1979- positive approach to coaching (8)
1) reinforce effort as much as results
2) provide technical demonstrations
3) encourage and correct players following mistakes
4) use encouragement selectively
5) maintain order via clear expectations
6) don’t punish following mistakes
7) don’t correct hostel manner
8) don’t constantly nag
Gould et al. 2012 found
underserved youth
mastery and caring climate predicted developmental gains on initiative, teamwork and social capital
ego climates had reverse effects
Brustad et al 2002 found
excessive parental pressure, lack of family support predicts sport dropout
Smith Smoll and Curtis 1979 CET found
athletes of trained coaches
viewed coaches as more knowledgeable
liked coach teammate and sport more
increased self-esteem
Smith Smoll and Cumming 2007 updated CET to become? and what did it emphasis?
taught create a task-invoking climate emphasising self-improvement and effort over winning
emphasised how success in sports and life were one in the same
MAC: coaching the coaches found
increase task orientation
decreased ego orientation and anxiety
Burton et al 2011 tested what method? and found
Competitive engineering
scoring increased 123%
81% players felt game was safer
91% agreed increased action and scoring
dropout decreased from 39% to 17%
who used competitive engineering?
Burton et al 2011
Who did coaching the coaches? (MAC)
Smith, Smoll and Cumming 2007
Who did coach effective training (CET)
Smith, Smoll and Curtis 1979
Who looked into parental influence?
Brustad et al 2002
Who looked into coaching in underserved youth?
Gould et al 2012
Who evaluated players opinions on coaches and the impact on the sport?
Smith, Smoll and Curtis 1978
Who discussed the negatives of professional model?
Fraser-thomas et al 2005
Who founded developmental and professional model
Smith,Smoll and Cumming 2007
Who discussed the two factors which enhanced positive development
Camera et al 2011
Who looked into physical and psycho-behavioural as well as risks of youth sport?
Fraser-thomas et al 2005
Who created table of features of positive developmental setting
NRCIM (2002)
Who found “ optimal developmental enables youth to lead healthy satisfying and productive lives”
Hamilton et al 2004
Who founded 5 c’s
Lerner et al 2000
