maturation Flashcards
What is Growth?
change in body size. physique and body composition
What is maturation?
tempo or timing or progress to adulthood
What is development?
qualitative changes in functional capacity
How is physical maturity measured?
- skeletal age
- secondary sex characteristics
- age at menarche
- endocrine markers
- somatic growth
What is puberty?
biological process child to adult capable of sexual reproduction
accompanied by physical,hormonal, neurobiological and psycho-behabioural changes
puberty timing?
varies but 2 years earlier in girls
maturity timing and athlete selection
sports/positions favour certain maturation characteristics
athlete within sports display similar physical characteristics and maturity timing
What did Malina 2002 say about male selection in sports?
favours early maturing males
talent yet late maturing males overlooked
What did Malina 2002 say about female selection in sports
size/strength etc- on time/early
endurance/ aesthetics- on time/late
What did Cumming et al 2012 say about direct and indirect effects of maturation and selection socialisation?
direct- physical changes associated with maturation result in superior performance
indirect- athletes interpretation of pubertal changes
-social management of puberty
Malina et al 2004 did a portugeuse football study saying?
60% squad penultimate stage of puberty
forwards and defenders most mature, heaviest, tallest etc
maturity predicts 20-50% of performance
Institute of youth sports 2007 formed the relative age effect saying
greater proportion of male athletes been early school year
no RAE in females
Bloom 1985 states indirect social manage effects of puberty as
- body holds stimulus value for athletes
- physical attributes ditch coaches favouritism
- selection may be formal or informal
Cumming et al 2011 said early maturing females feel
less attractive, sports competence, physical fit, despite being stronger
Monsma e al 2006 stated that post-monarchal skaters reported
higher social physique anxiety, body dissatisfaction, concerns of fatness and less sport competence
Hartley 1987 found formal selection of young gymnasts was determined by (4)
1) morphology and health
2) physical and psychological ability
3) response to instruction; physical improvement and psychological assessment
4) formal training and competition
Cumming et al 2005 found treatment of heavier gymnasts to be
- less encouraging
- more punitive
- more likely to ignore mistakes
- less communication
- less likeable
Cumming et al 2017 came up with
biobanding
Cumming et al 2015 used biobanding and found
- coaches and players rated tournament as beneficial to learning/performance
- focus groups suggested competition encouraged creative, technical and less physical style of play
Lloyd and Oliver 2012 found biobanding
increased training effects and safety
Blanchard 2015 found biobanding reduced
overuse injuries
Gibbs et al 2012 came up with
underdog effect
Wheeler et al 2015 suggested late maturing players
report higher levels of grit
Searle et al 2016 reported late maturing players
possess more adaptive self regulation skills
who reported players possess more adaptive self regulation skills?
Searle et al 2016
who reported late maturing players had high levels of grit?
Wheeler 2015
who divised underdog hypothesis?
gibbs et al 2012
who found biobnading reduces overuse injures?
bianchard 2015
who found biobanding increased training effect and increased safety
lloyd and oliver 2012
who found biobanding increase players and coaches learning/performance rating of tournament
Cumming et al 2015
who defined biobanding?
Cumming et al 2017
Who suggested taller gymnasts were treated by coaches as
-less encouraged by coaches
-more punitive
more likely to ignore mistakes
-less communicative in general
-less likeable
Cumming et al 2005
Who came up with formal selection of athletes findings
Hartley 1987
Who found early maturing females felt less attractive, sports competence, less physical fit yet stronger?
Cumming et al 2011
Who reported post-menarcheal skaters reporting higher social physique anxiety?
Monsma et al 2006
Who came up with athletes social management of puberty?
saying body holds stimulus value for athletes coaches and official
bloom 1985
who came up with Relative age effect?
Institute of youth sports 2007
who studied portugeuse under 16
Malina et al 2004
Who talked about direct and indirect of maturation and athlete socialisation
Cumming et al 2012
who discussed athlete selection in males and females based on maturation status
Malina 2002
who said sports positions favour specific maturation status
Malina 2004
