Positioning

Question 1

the map of 1482 drawn by Ptolemy was important

Answer 1

because it was the first map to use cordinate system

it was the first map to use latitude and longitude

Question 2

latitude

Answer 2

angle that describes the north-south position

Question 3

parallel

Answer 3

circle connecting all locations with a given latitude

ex tropical of capicorn,tropical of cancer

Question 4

pole

Answer 4

points where the earth’s axis of rotation meets its surface

smallest parallel

Question 5

Equator

Answer 5

intersection of the earth’s surface with the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and midway betwen the poles

the equator is the biggest parallel

0 degree latitude

Question 6

artic circle

Answer 6

southernmost latitude in the northen hemisphere where the sun can remain constinously above or below the horizon for 24 hours

66.5 degress north

Question 7

Antartic circle

Answer 7

norternmost latitude in the south hemisphere where the sun can remain constinously above or below the horizon for 24 hours

66.5 degress south

Question 8

tropic of cancer

Answer 8

northernmost circle of latitude where the sun can be directly overhead

northern hemesphere

23.5 degrees north

Question 9

tropic of capricorn

Answer 9

southernmost circle of latitude where the sun can be directly overhead

south hemesphere

23.5 degrees south

Question 10

Earth’s axil tilt

the eraths spins at 23.44 degrees tilt

how we define/get the information above

Answer 10

when the top of the earth is tilted towards the sun,it is summer in the northern hemisphere.since the southerer hemesphire is tilted away from the sun,it’s winter there

Question 11

Longitude

Answer 11

angle that describes the east-west position

Question 12

Meridian

Answer 12

half of an imagenery great circle,terminating at the north pole and the south poles,connecting points of equal longitude

orange slices

Question 13

Prime Meridian

Answer 13

origin of the measures of longitude

pass through Greenwich, England

0 degrees of longitude

defines what is west and what is east

Question 14

the shapes of the earth

Answer 14

• Earth:reality more complex and more accurate)
• Geoid
• Ellipsoid
• sphere(simplier and less accurate)

as it goes down: it gets simplier and less acurate

Question 15

Geoid

Answer 15

• physical approximation of the figure of the earth
• shape of the surface of calmed oceans,in the absence of other influences such as winds and tides
• computed using complex physical models and gravity readings of eath’s surface
• used to measure surface elevations with a high degree of acurracy
• uses most often for earthquack but not normaly used in our day to day lives

Question 16

Ellipsoid

Answer 16

• mathematical aproximation of the shape of the earth
• the earth is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to its revolution,elipsoid geodesy accounts for this.it is suitable for direct mathemetical computation
• elipsoid geodesy is uniquely defined by two numbers:semi-major(a) and semi-minor(b) axis
• a does not equal to b(is not a perfect ball?
• used for google earth

most used

Question 17

Shephere

Answer 17

• simplest(and least accurate) approximation of the shape of the earth.
• the Earth’s radius is constant
• a (semi-major)= b(semi-minor)

Question 18

the shape of the earth

Answer 18

• the earth is not quite a perfect sphire
• Geody is the the science that studied and determines the shape and dimenision of the earth
• different models have been defined to represent the earth’s shape,varying in their complexityand in the accuracy which they represent the size and shape of the earth