Food Security Flashcards
What is Food Security?
All people, at all times, have physical and economic access to
sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary
needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
Four Components:
- Availability: supply
- Access:
- Utilization:nutrious,safe,
- Stability: constant acees and availabity on food
Availability: how is gonna be impacted with climate change
-
Decreasing crop yields
o Increasing temperatures
o Drought -
Most affecting global south
o Dryland ecosystems - Higher latitudes may see
increased production
Global South & Global North
global north : canada,europe,ocenia,north asia
global south:latin america,africa,mediterenian,south asia
Access: how is gonna be impacted with climate change
* Decreasing crop yields leading
to higher crop prices
- Global crop and economic
models project a 7% increase
in cereal (grain) prices by
2050 due to climate change - less people will be able to buy it( wont have acess even if there is avelability
Food Utilization ( Two Mechanisms) :how is gonna be impacted with climate change
Direct effects of changing climate
Examples:
* Changes biological mechanisms
of plants
o Apples blooming earlier
- Leading to changes in acidity, firmness, water content, and reducing quality
- Changing heat stress
o Affecting poultry quality(chicken-eggs)
Effects of rising CO2
Examples:
* Under elevated CO2
concentrations, wheat grains
may have:
* 9.8% lower zinc
* 5.1% lower iron
* 6.3% lower protein
Stability:how is gonna be impacted with climate change
How can remote sensing help?
can help identify at risk areas
- moniture and find areas that have a problem
- and help planning to solve the problem
CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed
Precipitation with Station data)
- CHIRPS uses inputs from:
- TRMM
- MODIS
- GOES (geostationary weather satellites)
- And on the ground stations
- To accurately monitor and predict precipitation
the data from etiopia
was looped into planing made by food and agriculture organization and etiopias goverment
was able to target areas to plant more threes
Flood response
- In 2019, cyclone Idai hit Africa, and was one of the worst on
record - Cropland destruction was a major concern
- Flooded areas were mapped using Sentinel 1 radar data
o Used to identify flooded cropland
o Make predictions about food impacts, allowing more informed response
Geoglam tool
a online tool that shows avarage of accurate and past data wich can help farmers plan
ex:
* Evaporative Stress Index
* Vegetation Indices
* Soil Moisture
Vegetation Indices
- Can be used to measure crop health
- Throughout the growing season
- Trajectory can be used to predict crop productivity
- NDVI,EVI,SAVI, etc.
- evi and savi are more updated then ndvi
Evaporative Stress Index
-
Monitors water loss from evapotranspiration
o Evapo: Evaporation
oTranspiration: Water movement and loss from plants - Describes soil moisture deficits
- Calculated from land surface temperature (thermal infrared)
low Evaporative Stress Index : lots of stress,high demand of water by vegetation
high Evaporative Stress Index : less stress, less demand ofwater in vegeattion
Soil Moisture
- Measures surface soil moisture
- Higher values early in growing season help plant development
- Low values any time before senescence can lower total productivity
- Often derived from radar
o Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on the Metop satellite
o Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites
