Pos Exam 2 Flashcards
how much do you abduct femurs for modified cleaves?
40-45º from vertical
which pos line is used for Fuchs/Judd of dens?
MML (CR II to MML)
what XR shows open L5-S1 joint space, SI joints
AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine
2 XRs (w & w/o elevated block on convex side)
how many XRs Ferguson?
which XR shows IV disk spaces of C5-T3?
cervicothoracic swimmers lat
perp to 2” dist. & 2” med. to ASIS
CR for downside Post Obl Judet for acetabulum?
CR 35-40º cephalic (tip of mandible)
CR for (T) dens (AP)?
which XR shows the entire upper C-spine w one single XR
Ottonello/wagging jaw
what is seen on AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine?
open L5-S1 joint space, SI joints
how many XRs for PA/AP Scoliosis
usually 2 (erect & recumbent) for comparison
which XR uses: AP: CR perp T7 Lat: X-table CR perp T7
(T) T-spine
int rotate feet 15-20º
what do you do for pelvis to make the lesser trochanters not so readily shown on the med. side of the prox. femurs?
the C2-C7 zygapophyseal joints are at a ____ º to MSP
90º
what is the error in AP “open mouth” if the base of skull superimposes the upper dens?
excessive skull extension
perp C4 (thyroid cartilage)
CR for lat C-spine hyperextension/flexion?
T5-8
which T-vertebrae are considered “typical”
30-45º ant obl toward AFFECTED SIDE
how much do you obl pt of PA Axial Obl Acetabulum (Teufel)?
which XR uses AP Axial: CR 35-40º cephalic (tip of mandible)
(T) AP Dens
(T) C-spine
which XR uses: AP: CR 15-20º cephalic to lower thyroid cartilage (C4) Lat.: X-table CR perp C4 - no head/neck manipulation
what happens the more you elevate the unaffected leg for Danelius-Miller Axiolat Inf.Sup. hip?
the more you can see the acetabulum w/o the fat pad superimposition from the thigh
IR and CR for PA/AP Scoliosis Series?
bottom of IR 1-2” inf. iliac crest; CR perp to IR; *suspend exp.
perp 3” inf. ASIS
CR for bilat modified Cleaves?
what is shown on lat C-spine hyper flexion?
well shown spinous processes
which XR uses low mA & long exposure T to blur mandible?
Ottonello/wagging jaw
which XR shows post. elements of mid-low C-spine, zygapophyseal joints btw the lat. masses are open & well seen, along w laminae & spinous processes
AP axial vertebral arch (pillars)
post. rim of acetabulum, ant. iliopubic column, obturator foramen, & foreshortened iliac wing
anat seen for upside Post Obl Judet?
IR on table-top; top of IR to EAM; CR 45º mediolaterally & 12º cephalic to C4
CR AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
CR 30º (males), 35º (females) cephalic to ASIS
CR for AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine?
which pos for AP R/L bending scoliosis gives pt less dose?
erect PA
how many XRs are usually taken for Judet method?
4 R&L, up&down
(male:) 20-35º, (female:) 30-45º cephalic to 1-2” dist. to pub. symph.
CR for AP Axial Outlet Pelvis (Taylor)
CR for (T) dens (AP)?
CR 35-40º cephalic (tip of mandible)
thoracolumbar spine seen, 1-2” iliac crest shown
what is shown for PA/AP Scoliosis series?
is Fuchs AP or PA?
AP
how many XRs Ferguson?
2 XRs (w & w/o elevated block on convex side)
what is seen on AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
intervertebral foramina & pedicles
(T) lat C-/T-/L-spine
which XRs are used to see compression fx’s?
4 R&L, up&down
how many XRs are usually taken for Judet method?
which XR gives dens thru foramen magnum in true size?
Fuchs
3-4” block under foot (or hip, if seated) on convex side
what is done to pt for Ferguson Method: Scoliosis Series?
CR II to interiliac line (may need 5-8º caudal angle) to 1.5” inf. to iliac crest & 2” post. to ASIS
CR for L5-S1 lat. spot?
what is crucial to remember in positioning for R/L bending of Scoliosis AP Series?
pelvis is fulcrum and does not move
CR for upside Post Obl Judet for acetabulum?
perp to 2” dist. to ASIS
which XR shows vertebral bodies, intervertebral disk spaces of C5-T3; humeral heads separate
swimmer’s lat (twining method for C5-T3 region)
Teufel Method
what is the PA version of the Post Obl Judet?
how much do you obl pt for Obl T-spine?
70º
bottom of IR 1-2” inf. iliac crest; CR perp to IR; *suspend exp.
IR and CR for PA/AP Scoliosis Series?
excessive skull extension
what is the error in AP “open mouth” if the base of skull superimposes the upper dens?
anat seen for Teufel method?
sup.-post. wall of acetabulum, fovea capitis
which zygapophyseal joints are shown on ant obl T-spine?
downside
better view of femoral neck w/o foreshortening & w/o superimposition of greater trochanter
what happens when you partially flex/abduct the femora 20-30º from vertical for modified cleaves?
path for PA Axial Obl Acetabulum (Teufel)?
possible acetabular fx’s
CR II to what in Lat. L5-S1?
interiliac line
what is done to pt for Ferguson Method: Scoliosis Series?
3-4” block under foot (or hip, if seated) on convex side
CR for AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine?
CR 30º (males), 35º (females) cephalic to ASIS
which zygapophyseal joints are shown on post obl T-spine?
upside
which XR gives dens thru foramen magnum in magnified size?
Judd
what XR shows L5 vertebral body, 1st & 2nd sacral segments & open L5-S1 joint space
Lat. L5-S1
CR for AP Axial Inlet Pelvis
40º caudad to ASIS
term for articular pillar of C1?
lateral mass
(T) AP Dens
which XR uses AP Axial: CR 35-40º cephalic (tip of mandible)
assess range of motion of vertebral column
purpose of AP R/L bending scoliosis series?
lateral mass
term for articular pillar of C1?
“wagging jaw” aka
Ottonello method
how many XRs are taken for obl T-spine?
2: R/L for comparison
AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine
what XR shows open L5-S1 joint space, SI joints
MML (CR II to MML)
which pos line is used for Fuchs/Judd of dens?
usually 2 (erect & recumbent) for comparison
how many XRs for PA/AP Scoliosis
which XR uses: AP: CR 15-20º cephalic to lower thyroid cartilage (C4) Lat.: X-table CR perp C4 - no head/neck manipulation
(T) C-spine
Clements-Nakayama method
modified axiolat hip aka?
perp to 2” dist. to ASIS
CR for upside Post Obl Judet for acetabulum?
40º caudad to ASIS
CR for AP Axial Inlet Pelvis
what do you do for pelvis to make the lesser trochanters not so readily shown on the med. side of the prox. femurs?
int rotate feet 15-20º
CR for unilat modified cleaves?
perp to midfemoral neck (1-2” med. & 3-4” dist. to ASIS
open L5-S1 joint space, SI joints
what is seen on AP Axial L5-S1 L-spine?
which XR shows 2 XRs of open intervertebral foramina & intervertebral joint spaces; T- & L-spine w 1-2” iliac crest?
lumbar flexion/extension lat
which XRs are used to see compression fx’s?
(T) lat C-/T-/L-spine
CR for downside Post Obl Judet for acetabulum?
perp to 2” dist. & 2” med. to ASIS
possible acetabular or pelvic ring fx’s
path for Post Obl Judet?
modified axiolat hip aka?
Clements-Nakayama method
what side is placed to IR for lat Scoliosis series?
convex side
technique for swimmers?
orthostatic breath, low mA, 3-4s exposure T
CR for ap axial vertebral arch (pillars)?
CR 20-30º caudal to lower margin of thyroid cartilage (C5)
anat seen for downside Post Obl Judet?
ant. rim of acetabulum, post. ilioischial column, elongated iliac wing
40-45º from vertical
how much do you abduct femurs for modified cleaves?
which zygapophyseal joints are shown on LPO T-spine?
R ZJs
CR for PA Axial Obl Acetabulum?
12º cephalic to acetabulum (2” lat from MSP & 1” sup. to pub. symph.)
the T-vertebrae zygapophyseal joints are at a ___º to MSP
70-75º
anat seen for upside Post Obl Judet?
post. rim of acetabulum, ant. iliopubic column, obturator foramen, & foreshortened iliac wing
CR for AP Axial Outlet Pelvis (Taylor)
(male:) 20-35º, (female:) 30-45º cephalic to 1-2” dist. to pub. symph.
orthostatic breath, low mA, 3-4s exposure T
technique for swimmers?
what anat is seen on AP Axial Outlet Pelvis (Taylor)
ant.-inf. pelvic bones, pubic rami, ischium, lg obturator foramen
which XR has the line from the lower margin of the upper incisors & skull base/mastoid tips perp to IR?
wagging jaw
which zygapophyseal joints are shown on RAO T-spine?
R ZJs
15º from vertical
how much do you tilt the IR from vertical for the Clements-Nakayama method?
which XR shows C1-C7 vertebral bodies w overlying blurred mandible
Ottonello/wagging jaw
possible acetabular fx’s
path for PA Axial Obl Acetabulum (Teufel)?
CR for wagging jaw?
perp C4
12º cephalic to acetabulum (2” lat from MSP & 1” sup. to pub. symph.)
CR for PA Axial Obl Acetabulum?
which XR is good for when C7-T1 not well seen on lat. C-spine; or (T) lat XR
cervicothoracic (swimmers)
what is not used on AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
cannot use grid w compound CR angle
which IV foramina are seen on LPO C-spine?
R IVFs
CR 20-30º caudal to lower margin of thyroid cartilage (C5)
CR for ap axial vertebral arch (pillars)?
lumbar flexion/extension lat
which XR shows 2 XRs of open intervertebral foramina & intervertebral joint spaces; T- & L-spine w 1-2” iliac crest?
which XR has CR angle II w zygapophyseal joints on C-spine?
AP Axial Vertebral arch (pillars)
is Judd AP or PA
PA
CR for bilat modified Cleaves?
perp 3” inf. ASIS
the more the greater trochanter falls on the neck
what happens the more you abduct femurs from vertical for modified cleaves?
CR for L5-S1 lat. spot?
CR II to interiliac line (may need 5-8º caudal angle) to 1.5” inf. to iliac crest & 2” post. to ASIS
how much do you obl pt of PA Axial Obl Acetabulum (Teufel)?
30-45º ant obl toward AFFECTED SIDE
superimposes gonion/mandibular angle on C-spine
what happens if you overflex on lat C-spine hyper flexion?
what happens if you overflex on lat C-spine hyper flexion?
superimposes gonion/mandibular angle on C-spine
what is shown on modified cleaves?
lat views of acetabulum & femoral head/neck, trochanteric area & prox. 1/3rd femur
what is shown on lat C-spine hyperextension?
spinous processes in close proximity
How much do you obl a pt for Judet method?
45º post obl
which T-vertebrae are considered “typical”
T5-8
Fuchs
which XR gives dens thru foramen magnum in true size?
what happens the more you abduct femurs from vertical for modified cleaves?
the more the greater trochanter falls on the neck
swimmer’s lat (twining method for C5-T3 region)
which XR shows vertebral bodies, intervertebral disk spaces of C5-T3; humeral heads separate
which IV foramina are seen on LAO C-spine?
L IVFs
pelvis is fulcrum and does not move
what is crucial to remember in positioning for R/L bending of Scoliosis AP Series?
45º post obl
How much do you obl a pt for Judet method?
lat views of acetabulum & femoral head/neck, trochanteric area & prox. 1/3rd femur
what is shown on modified cleaves?
purpose of AP R/L bending scoliosis series?
assess range of motion of vertebral column
how much do you tilt the IR from vertical for the Clements-Nakayama method?
15º from vertical
ant. rim of acetabulum, post. ilioischial column, elongated iliac wing
anat seen for downside Post Obl Judet?
intervertebral foramina & pedicles
what is seen on AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
what is shown for PA/AP Scoliosis series?
thoracolumbar spine seen, 1-2” iliac crest shown
cannot use grid w compound CR angle
what is not used on AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
f(x)al study of mobility
why is lat C-spine hyperextension/flexion performed?
CR for lat C-spine hyperextension/flexion?
perp C4 (thyroid cartilage)
spinous processes in close proximity
what is shown on lat C-spine hyperextension?
why is lat C-spine hyperextension/flexion performed?
f(x)al study of mobility
what is the PA version of the Post Obl Judet?
Teufel Method
perp T7 (3-4” below jugular notch)
CR for obl T-spine?
CR AP Axial (T) Obl C-spine?
IR on table-top; top of IR to EAM; CR 45º mediolaterally & 12º cephalic to C4
what happens when you partially flex/abduct the femora 20-30º from vertical for modified cleaves?
better view of femoral neck w/o foreshortening & w/o superimposition of greater trochanter
the more you can see the acetabulum w/o the fat pad superimposition from the thigh
what happens the more you elevate the unaffected leg for Danelius-Miller Axiolat Inf.Sup. hip?
well shown spinous processes
what is shown on lat C-spine hyper flexion?
ant.-inf. pelvic bones, pubic rami, ischium, lg obturator foramen
what anat is seen on AP Axial Outlet Pelvis (Taylor)
which XR uses: AP: CR perp L3-L4 Lat: X-table CR perp L3-L4
(T) L-spine
sup.-post. wall of acetabulum, fovea capitis
anat seen for Teufel method?
CR for obl T-spine?
perp T7 (3-4” below jugular notch)
perp to midfemoral neck (1-2” med. & 3-4” dist. to ASIS
CR for unilat modified cleaves?
path for Post Obl Judet?
possible acetabular or pelvic ring fx’s
(AP) small/narrow obturator foramen indicates?
rotation TOWARD THAT SIDE
(AP) elongated iliac wing indicates what?
rotation TOWARD THAT SIDE
