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Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

ankle joint fracture that involves the medial and lateral malleoli as well as the posterior lip of the distal tibia

A

trimalleolar fx

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1
Q

+ 8-10 kV, + mAs 100%

A

lg plaster

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2
Q

the distal phalanx that is caused by a ball striking the end of an extended finger. The distal interphalangeal (or DIP) joint is partially flexed and usually accompanied by an avulsion fracture at the posterior base of the distal phalanx

A

baseball fx

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4
Q

(body of vertebra) decreased vertical dimension of ant. vertebral body

A

compression fx

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4
Q

transverse, obl., & spiral fx

A

3 major types of complete fx’s

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5
Q

obl. fx

A

fx thru bone at obl angle

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6
Q

segmental, butterfly, splintered fx

A

3 types of comminuted fx’s

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7
Q

twisting of a joint, a lot of swelling

A

sprain

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8
Q

Monteggia’s fx

A

(ulna) prox. 1/2 of ulna fxed w dislocated radial head

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8
Q

dist. radius fxed w dist. fragment displaced post.’ly

A

colles fx

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10
Q

fracture of the vertebrae that is caused by a compression-type injury. The vertebral body collapses; seen radiographically by a decreased vertical dimension of the anterior vertebral body

A

compression fx

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10
Q

very common long bone fracture in pediatric cases. Commonly diagnosed with the Salter-harris classification: Salter 1 to 5, with Salter 5 indicating the most complex as far as severity and reasonable indication of prognosis

A

epiphyseal fx

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10
Q

bone displaced from joint

A

dislocation/luxation

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11
Q

fx on 1 side only (ulna)

A

Greenstick/Hickory/Willow stick fx

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12
Q

skull fracture where a fragment is depressed

A

depressed fx

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13
Q

aka march fracture and nontraumatic in origin. It results from repeated stress on a bone, i.e. marching/running. Fractures from marching usually occur in the midshafts of metatarsals, and those from running usually occur in the distal shaft of the tibia

A

stress/fatigue fx

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13
Q

Torus/buckle fx

A

1 side of bone buckles upon itself w/o disrupting other side; usually bc kids have softer bones; no complete break in cortex

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14
Q

colles fx

A

dist. radius fxed w dist. fragment displaced post.’ly

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15
Q

open reduction w internal fixation

A

ORIF

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16
Q

(dist. phalynx) comminuted fx; from crushing blow to finger

A

tuft fx

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16
Q

blowout/tripod fx

A

fractures that result from a direct blow to the orbit and/ or maxilla and zygoma. Patient is left with fractures to the orbital floor and lateral orbital margins

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17
Q

impacted fx

A

1 fragment firmly driven into the other

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18
Q

1 fragment firmly driven into the other

A

impacted fx

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19
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction w internal fixation

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20
Q

smith’s (reverse colles) fx

A

dist. radius fragment displaced ant.’ly

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21
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation; post. displacement (usually C-spine)

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22
Q

3 types of comminuted fx’s

A

segmental, butterfly, splintered fx

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23
Q

fx thru bone at obl angle

A

obl. fx

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25
Q

compound (open) fx

A

goes thru skin

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26
Q

splintered fx

A

bone splintered into sharp thin fragments

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27
Q

dislocation/luxation

A

bone displaced from joint

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27
Q

trimalleolar fx

A

ankle joint fracture that involves the medial and lateral malleoli as well as the posterior lip of the distal tibia

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27
Q

bone twisted apart & spirals around the long axis

A

spiral fx

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28
Q

torus/buckle fx & Greenstick/hickory/willow stick fx

A

2 common types of incomplete (partial) fx

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29
Q

fracture that typically involves the distal fifth metacarpal. The lateral view usually shows an apical posterior angulation

A

boxer’s fx

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30
Q

hutchinson’s fx

A

intra-articular fracture of the radial styloid process

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30
Q

stellate fx

A

radiates from center to form star-like pattern; knee’s in dashboard during MVA

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31
Q

(ulna) prox. 1/2 of ulna fxed w dislocated radial head

A

Monteggia’s fx

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32
Q

+3-4 kV, + mAs 25%

A

fiberglass

33
Q

comminuted fx

A

bone splintered/crushed @ impact site, 2+ fragments, (shatters on impact)

34
Q

intra-articular fracture of the radial styloid process

A

hutchinson’s fx

35
Q

simple (closed) fx

A

does not go thru skin

36
Q

radiates from center to form star-like pattern; knee’s in dashboard during MVA

A

stellate fx

38
Q

2 common types of incomplete (partial) fx

A

torus/buckle fx & Greenstick/hickory/willow stick fx

39
Q

2 fragments on ea side of a main, wedge-shaped separate fragment

A

butterfly fx

40
Q

Greenstick/Hickory/Willow stick fx

A

fx on 1 side only (ulna)

40
Q

complete fx

A

complete break, broken into 2 pieces

40
Q

complete dist. tib.-fib. fx w major injury to ankle joint & frequent fx of dist. tib. or med. malleolus

A

pott’s fx

40
Q

bone splintered into sharp thin fragments

A

splintered fx

42
Q

intra-articular fracture of the posterior lip of the distal radius

A

barton’s fx

43
Q

+ 5-7 kV, + mAs 50%

A

sm plaster

44
Q

Incomplete (partial) fx

A

fx does not traverse thru entire bone (bone not broke into 2 pieces); most common in children

45
Q

fx does not traverse thru entire bone (bone not broke into 2 pieces); most common in children

A

Incomplete (partial) fx

46
Q

baseball fx

A

the distal phalanx that is caused by a ball striking the end of an extended finger. The distal interphalangeal (or DIP) joint is partially flexed and usually accompanied by an avulsion fracture at the posterior base of the distal phalanx

48
Q

chip fx

A

fracture that involves an isolated bone fragment, that is not caused by tendon or ligament stress

49
Q

bennett’s fx

A

longitudinal fracture that occurs at the base of the first metacarpal, with the fracture line entering the CMC joint. Often includes a posterior dislocation or subluxation

50
Q

boxer’s fx

A

fracture that typically involves the distal fifth metacarpal. The lateral view usually shows an apical posterior angulation

50
Q

near right angle to long axis of the bone

A

transverse fx

52
Q

longitudinal fracture that occurs at the base of the first metacarpal, with the fracture line entering the CMC joint. Often includes a posterior dislocation or subluxation

A

bennett’s fx

53
Q

fracture that occurs through the pedicles of the axis (C2), with or without displacement of C2 or C3

A

hangman’s fx

54
Q

surgical; exposed fx site w screws/plates/rods installed to maintain alignment of bony fragments

A

open reduction

56
Q

double fx where 2 fx lines isolate a distinct bone segment; broken into 3 pieces, w middle fragment fxed @ both ends

A

segmented fx

57
Q

stress/fatigue fx

A

aka march fracture and nontraumatic in origin. It results from repeated stress on a bone, i.e. marching/running. Fractures from marching usually occur in the midshafts of metatarsals, and those from running usually occur in the distal shaft of the tibia

59
Q

hangman’s fx

A

fracture that occurs through the pedicles of the axis (C2), with or without displacement of C2 or C3

60
Q

depressed fx

A

skull fracture where a fragment is depressed

62
Q

compression fx

A

fracture of the vertebrae that is caused by a compression-type injury. The vertebral body collapses; seen radiographically by a decreased vertical dimension of the anterior vertebral body

63
Q

tuft fx

A

(dist. phalynx) comminuted fx; from crushing blow to finger

65
Q

lg plaster

A

+ 8-10 kV, + mAs 100%

66
Q

3 major types of complete fx’s

A

transverse, obl., & spiral fx

67
Q

closed reduction

A

nonsurgical; fx fragments realigned by maniuplation & are immobilized by cast/splint, f/u’s

68
Q

fracture in the region of a joint that results from extreme stress to a tendon or ligament, where the tendon or ligament separates the fragment of bone and pulls it away

A

avulsion fx

69
Q

pathologic fx

A

fractures due to disease processes within the bone (i.e. osteoporosis, neoplasia, etc)

70
Q

fiberglass

A

+3-4 kV, + mAs 25%

71
Q

partial dislocation; post. displacement (usually C-spine)

A

subluxation

72
Q

open reduction

A

surgical; exposed fx site w screws/plates/rods installed to maintain alignment of bony fragments

74
Q

fractures that result from a direct blow to the orbit and/ or maxilla and zygoma. Patient is left with fractures to the orbital floor and lateral orbital margins

A

blowout/tripod fx

75
Q

fractures due to disease processes within the bone (i.e. osteoporosis, neoplasia, etc)

A

pathologic fx

76
Q

epiphyseal fx

A

very common long bone fracture in pediatric cases. Commonly diagnosed with the Salter-harris classification: Salter 1 to 5, with Salter 5 indicating the most complex as far as severity and reasonable indication of prognosis

77
Q

sprain

A

twisting of a joint, a lot of swelling

79
Q

sm plaster

A

+ 5-7 kV, + mAs 50%

80
Q

barton’s fx

A

intra-articular fracture of the posterior lip of the distal radius

81
Q

compression fx

A

(body of vertebra) decreased vertical dimension of ant. vertebral body

83
Q

bone splintered/crushed @ impact site, 2+ fragments, (shatters on impact)

A

comminuted fx

84
Q

complete break, broken into 2 pieces

A

complete fx

85
Q

butterfly fx

A

2 fragments on ea side of a main, wedge-shaped separate fragment

86
Q

segmented fx

A

double fx where 2 fx lines isolate a distinct bone segment; broken into 3 pieces, w middle fragment fxed @ both ends

87
Q

dist. radius fragment displaced ant.’ly

A

smith’s (reverse colles) fx

88
Q

pott’s fx

A

complete dist. tib.-fib. fx w major injury to ankle joint & frequent fx of dist. tib. or med. malleolus

89
Q

transverse fx

A

near right angle to long axis of the bone

90
Q

1 side of bone buckles upon itself w/o disrupting other side; usually bc kids have softer bones; no complete break in cortex

A

Torus/buckle fx

91
Q

does not go thru skin

A

simple (closed) fx

92
Q

avulsion fx

A

fracture in the region of a joint that results from extreme stress to a tendon or ligament, where the tendon or ligament separates the fragment of bone and pulls it away

93
Q

fracture that involves an isolated bone fragment, that is not caused by tendon or ligament stress

94
Q

goes thru skin

A

compound (open) fx

95
Q

spiral fx

A

bone twisted apart & spirals around the long axis

96
Q

nonsurgical; fx fragments realigned by maniuplation & are immobilized by cast/splint, f/u’s

A

closed reduction

Pos 3 (6 decks)

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