Final Exam Review Flashcards
which of the following path’s is best demonstrated w a CXR? - cystic fibrosis - Wilm’s tumor - celiac disease - crohn’s disease
cystic fibrosis
(T/F) 2nd XR for the Ferguson method of the scoliosis series requires that the concave side of the curve be built up to 3-4” by placing blocks beneath the pt’s foot.
F (convex)
most commonly fx.ed carpal bones?
scaphoid/navicular
a surgical procedure to remove a small portion of the bone that is impinging the nerve root is called?
laminectomy
initial PA projections of the SC joints indicate a possible defect involving the L SC joint. the vertebral column is preventing a clear view of it. which of the following will show the R SC joint w/o superimposition over the spine? - horiz. beam lat - RAO - LAO - erect lat
RAO
where should a personnel dosimeter be worn during fluoro?
on collar outside of pb apron
XR of a PA axial for intercondylar fossa doesn’t show the fossa well. It is foreshortened. following factors used: pt prone, knee flexed 40-45º, CR angled to be perp to femur, 40” SID, & no rotation of the lower limb. what changes need to be made?
CR must be perp to the lower leg
which vessel is the preferred site for arterial puncture for most angiography
femoral artery
which of the following is NOT an aspect of the prox femur? - intertrochanteric crest - fovea capitis - obturator foramen - lesser trochanter
obturator foramen
how much is the IR tilted from the horizontal for the modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama) XR?
15-20º
what can the tech do if the pt cannot extend the head/neck adequately for the routine SMV XR of the zygomatic arches?
angle CR to place it perp to the IOML
scoliosis is defined as abnormal/exaggerated?
lat curvature
term that describes the space btw primary & secondary growth centers?
epiphyseal plate
name of the special ruler used in orthoroentgenography?
Bell-Thompson ruler
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: atypical chest pn - abdominal angiography - angiocardiography - cerebral angiography - lymphography
angiocardiography
for the AP weight-bearing feet XR, CR should be:
angled 15º posteriorly
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: atherosclerotic disease of lower limbs - cerebral angiography - lymphography - peripheral angiography - thoracic angiography
peripheral angiography
X-table lat knee is usually performed when the pt can’t _______ the knee for a routine lat XR
flex
common name for pos’s showing the intercondyloid fossa?
tunnel view
XR of axiolat (inferosuperior) XR of hip shows a soft tissue artifact seen across affected hip. artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head/neck. what must tech do to eliminate this artifact?
+ elevation/flexion of pt’s unaffected leg
how much knee flexion is needed for the Settegast?
90º
bending/forcing of hand towards the lat side of the forearm (w hand pronated, PA XR) is known as?
ulnar deviation
which of the following is NOT a fx but a subluxation? - Hutchinson’s - Nursemaids’ elbow - Monteggia’s - none of the above
Nursemaids’ elbow
(T/F) bc of rad exposure to the head/neck region, the C-arm should not be placed in the PA XR tube alignment.
F (should be)
which of the following will best show an air-fluid level w/in the skull w the pt recumbent? - AP axial - reverse caldwell - AP 30º - horizontal beam lat
horizontal beam lat
immobilization device recommended for an erect abdomen XR on an 18-mo old pt?
pigg-o-stat
1-yr old comes in for erect abdomen. which immobilization device should be used?
pigg-o-stat
(T/F) fx through pedicles of C2, usually resulting in ant. subluxation of C2 on C3 is referred to as Teardrop burst fx
F (Hangmans)
objects w/in the objective plane will appear
sharp & in relative focus
pt comes in w possible fx of L3. which following routine would best show the body of L3 & the intervertebral joint spaces above and below it? - coll. R/L post. obl’s & AP - coll. AP & lat - erect AP & lat - coll. LPO/RPO
coll. AP & lat
how much hand rotation is required for AP obl bilat hands (Norgaard method)
45º
horiz. beam lat L-spine requires CR pos that is
perp to IR
an individual who prepares the sterile field & scrubs & gowns the members of the surgical team is a
scrub
primary clinical indication for an operative cholangiogram is?
biliary calculi
Is Beclere sunrise or tunnel?
tunnel
(T/F) a procedure wherein a clot/thrombus is disintegrated (lysed) is termed thrombolysis
T
purpose of performing a partially flexed elbow XRs?
to give AP perspective if pt cannot fully extend elbow
suggested positioning routine for a lumbar myelography is?
pt prone: semierect horizontal beam lat
pt enters Er w dislocated shoulder. tech attempts to pos pt into transthoracic lat, but the pt is unable to raise unaffected arm over his head completely. what can tech do to compensate for this?
angle CR 10-15º cephalic
grids are generally NOT required unless the anatomy measures greater than?
10 cm
(T/F) female caregivers of childbearing age should never be allowed to stay in the room to assist w the procedure
F
tomography aka?
body section radiography
term commonly applied for child abuse?
nonaccidental trauma (NAT)
(T/F) the CR must be placed II to the glabellomeatal line for the superoinferior (tangential) XR of nasal bones
F (GAL)
2 bony landmarks that are palpated using the traditional hip localization method are the:
ASIS & pubic symphysis
which XR &/or pos pf the abdomen is recommended for showing the prevertebral region of the abdomen?
dorsal decubitus
(T/F) a procedure for stone removal, biopsy, dilation of obstructed bile duct, int/ext drainage is termed Percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD)
T
where is the contrast media instilled during a myelogram?
subarachnoid space
which bone of pelvic girdle forms the ant. inf. aspect?
pubis
which of the following XRs would be best for a pt w a T to both proximal femurs? - modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama) - axiolat (inferosuperior) - ant obl (Teufel) - AP axial (Taylor)
modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama)
the most common clinical indication for a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram?
residual calculi
is settegast sunrise or tunnel?
sunrise
abnormal lat curvature of spine is a congenital condition termed
scoliosis
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: stenosis/occlusion of the celiac or mesenteric arteries - abdominal angiography - angiocardiography - cerebral angiography - lymphography
abdominal angiography
which of the following knee XRs requires the use of a special IR holding device? - bilat merchant method - camp-coventry - Beclere - Hughston
Bilat Merchant method
how much is the foot dorsiflexed w the tangential XR for the sesamoid bones if the CR remains perp to the IR?
15-20º form vertical
pivot point btw the XR tube and IR in a tomographic system is termed
fulcrum
what view of patella will be obtained w the pt PA & affected knee flexed 90º
Settegast
fx that involves the dist. 5th MC
Boxer’s
pt comes in w request for a R hip study. pt confused about cause of injury. tech takes AP pelvis, & when the lat frog-leg XR is attempted, pt complains loudly about pn in affected hip[. what should tech do to complete study?
perform axiolat (inferosuperior) XR (Danelius-Miller)
XR of an AP axial L5-S1 reveals that the joint space is not open. following factors used on this female pt: 80 kV, 40” SID, grid, 3-5º caudad angle, & CR centered to ASIS. what needs to be modified?
change direction of CR angle (cephalic)
subluxations is best described as a
partial dislocation
(T/F) tech must follow standard precaution when handling bile
T
which of the following is a contraindication to HSG? - pregnancy - active uterine bleeding - pelvic inflammatory disease - all of the above
all of the above
what is the name of the technique commonly used to introduce a catheter into a vessel?
Seldinger
what are the 2 PA methods of performing the tangential view of the patella?
Hughston & Settegast
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: assessment of Hodgkins lymphoma & peripheral swelling - abdominal angiography - angiocardiography - cerebral angiography - lymphography
lymphography
3 vessels that are typical puncture sites for catheterization during angiography?
brachial, femoral, & axillary arteries
which of the following imaging modalities is recommended for biopsy of small/deep lesions w/in the abdomen? - Doppler U/S - MRI - DSA - CT
CT
which of the following fx’s is described as an incomplete fx w the cortex broken on one side of the bone? - Bayonet - Torus - Avulsion - Greenstick
greenstick
what is the amount of abduction of the femurs recommended for an AP bilat frog-leg?
40-45º
how much rotation & which obl pos are required to best show the L sternoclavicular joints?
10-15º LAO
what med. CR angle is needed for the inferosuperior axial shoulder (Lawrence method)
25-30º
which of the following lat hip XREs cannot be performed on a T pt w a possible hip fx? - Modified Cleaves - Clements-Nakayama - Danelius-Miller - Judet
Modified Cleaves
(T/F) port grids used for T & mobile XRs usually have a higher grid frequency & higher grid ratio compared w fixed or Bucky-type grids
F
pt comes in for f/u of L-spine. pt recently had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level. what would be best to show the degree of movement at the fusion site?
lat hyperextension & hyperflexion
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: abdominal aortic aneurysm - abdominal angiography - angiocardiography - cerebral angiography - thoracic angiography
abdominal angiography
CR placement for an AP thumb (modified Roberts) is at the?
CMC joint
which pos line is perp to the IR for an AP peds skull?
OML
which of the following exposure angles will produce the thinnest sectional thickness? - 10º - 20º - 30º - 40º
40º
scaphoid
the use of the 80 kV technique (as opposed to 90) w a corresponding mAs change for an AP pelvis XR will result in higher contrast but will have what effect on the male/female gonadal dose?
will + dose by 20 - 30%
(T/F) The ImageGently.org campaign is designed to use min. immobilization techniques & measures when imaging a young child
F
(T/F) AP & lat XRs for a peds scoliosis study should include the entire L- & T- spine
T
which type of procedure would be performed in surgery to realign a fx?
open reduction (ORIF)
situation: pt enters ER w multiple injuries including a possible fx of the L prox humerus. which pos should be done to determine extent of the humerus injury? - AP neutral & carefully rotated internally prox humerus - AP shoulder as is; show XR to ER doc before attempting a rotational lat XR - AP & horiz. beam transthoracic lat shoulder - Ap & apical obl shoulder w/o any arm rotation
AP & horiz. beam transthoracic lat shoulder
which intercondylar fossa XR is best for a geriatric pt unsure of himself w/o risk of injury? - holmblad - hughston - camp-coventry - settegast
camp-coventry
which of following methods best shows the intercondyloid fossa? 1. Beclere 2. Settegast 3. Camp-Coventry
1 & 3 only
(T/F) Hutchinson’s fx is sometimes referred to as Chauffeur’s fx
T
which XR best shows path involving the 1st CMC joint?
AP thumb, modified Robert’s
_______ is used to create an XR beam that activates at timed increments to reduce exposure during C-arm fluoro
pulse mode
which following pos best shows the sup. & post. rim of acetabulum? - post obl (Judet) - AP axial (Taylor) - RPO/LPO - modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama)
post obl (Judet)
where is CR centered for a KUB on an infant?
1” above umbilicus
a “reverse Colle’s” w ant. displacement of dist. radius aka?
Smiths fx
pt enters ER w possible greenstick fx. which age group does this type of fx usually affect?
peds
CR angle for modified Robert’s method?
15º towards the wrist
which of the following parts would you XR if a pt came in for a Grashey view? - scapula - glenoid cavity - clavicle - acromion process
glenoid cavity
which of the following is not an essential attribute for the surgical radiographer? - confidence - mastery of positioning/technical concepts - problem-solving skills - mastery of essential nursing skills
mastery of essential nursing skills
how is the water-soluble contrast eliminated following a myelogram?
excreted by the kidneys
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: eval of the aorta for pseudocoarctation - cerebral angiography - lymphography - peripheral angiography - thoracic angiography
thoracic angiography
situation: pt comes in w possible ligament tear to the lat aspect of ankle. initial ankle XRs are neg. for fx/dislocation. bc the clinic is in a rural setting, pt cannot have an MRI to eval. ligaments. which XRs may provide an assessment of the soft-tissue structures of the ankle?
AP stress projections
pt comes into ER w a radial head fx/dislocation. Doc orders elbow series. elbow is flexed nearly 90º and is unable to be extended further. best routine? - AP, lat, AP obl-med rotation - AP partial flexion, lat, & axiolat - AP acute flexion, AP obl-lat rotation, & lat - axiolat, AP acute flex, & lat
AP partial flexion, lat, & axiolat
what CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor) “outlet” XR for a male pt?
20-35º cephalic
(T/F) post. obl. (Judet) for acetabulum requires a 10-15º rotation of the body.
F (45º)
pt enters ER w possible Monteggia’s fx. which of the following routines should be performed? - AP & lat C-spine - AP & horiz. beam lat skull - PA & lat thumb - horiz beam PA & a lat forearm
horiz beam PA & a lat forearm
which of the following is NOT an indication for knee arthrography? - injury/tears to rotator cuff - eval. for Baker’s cyst - injury/tears to collateral/cruciate ligaments - injury/tears to menisci
injury/tears to rotator cuff
(T/F) it is the responsibility of the tech to make the determination if child abuse has occurred & then report it to law enforcement
F
term that best describes a partial dislocation of a joint?
subluxation
where is the CR centered for a PA XR of the sternoclavicular joints
3” dist. to vertebra prominens (T2-3)
how is the CR aligned for the acanthiomeatal (reverse waters) XR for the facial bones?
II to MML
pt enters ER on back board w multiple injuries, including injury to knee region w possible stellate fx. best routine to show this injury safely?
AP & horiz. beam lat XR of the knee & patella w/o knee flexion
situation: pt comes in w elbow injury. the partial flexion AP & lat pos’s show a possible fx of the coronoid process. the pt’s elbow is partially flexed & he refuses to extend it further. which can be done to confirm diagnosis? - jones method - coyle method w 80º flexion, CR 45º distally - coyle method w 90º flexion, CR 45º proximally - Gaynor-Hart
coyle method w 80º flexion, CR 45º distally
what should tech do if the sterile enviro is violated during a surgical procedure?
notify member of surgical team immediately
(T/F) the adhesive surface of the tape should be applied directly to the skin of infants to help prevent movement
F
for AP weight-bearing knee on avg pt, CR should be
perp to IR
(T/F) mummifying technique is highly effective for immobilization of the lower limbs of children
F
situation: pt scheduled for arthrogram. during the course of the study, doc requests an XR to show the intertubercular groove. which of the following would best show this? - fisk - garth - grashey - pearson
fisk
proper name for method used for the unilat. fro-leg XR is
modified Cleaves
what CR angle is required for the AP axial inlet XR?
40º caudad
situation: 20 yr old female comes in w possible fx of the R forearm & elbow. what should tech do regarding gonadal shielding?
ask pt pregnancy status, cover area of oversee/uterus w shield, & document that pt not pregnant
which of the 3 cardinals rules is the most effective means of reducing exposure during mobile & surgical procedures?
D
(T/F) fear & combative resistance from a young child are common initial responses to a radiographic procedure
T
Select most likely angiographic procedures for ea path: arteriovenous malformations - abdominal angiography - angiocardiography - cerebral angiography - lymphography
cerebral angiography
which fx type is defined as being crushed at the site of impact, producing 2+ fragments
comminuted
how much rotation is required for an AP obl XR of the sternum on a hypersthenic pt?
15º
a 2-yr old child comes in for a C-spine series. child is unable to hold still, even w immobilization. who should be asked to hold the child if present?
father wearing protective apron
pt enters ER due to MVA. he is on backboard & in a C-collar. initial lat C-spine shows C1-C6. pt has broad/thick shoulders. bc hospital is in rural setting, no CT is available. what should tech do next?
horiz. beam swimmer’s lat
“skiers thumb” is defined as?
injury to the ulnar collateral ligament
XR of PA scaphoid shows extensive overlap of the dist. scaphoid & adjacent carpals. what lead to this problem?
insufficient ulnar deviation
(T/F) pelvis must remain stationary for the AP R/L bending XRs of scoliosis series
T
term for injury w no fx’s or no breaks in the skin
contusion
pt enters ER w a possible blow-out fx involving the orbits. pt is restricted to a backboard from T. which of the following positioning routines should be performed? - AP 0º & horiz. beam lat skull - AP modified acanthioparietal & horiz. beam lat facial bones - AP 30º & axil & horiz. beam lat skull - AP acanthioparietal & horiz. beam lat facial bone
AP modified acanthioparietal & horiz. beam lat facial bones
pt comes in w an infection involving the sesamoid bones of the foot. beyond routine XRs, what can be performed to best show these structures?
tangential XR
which of the C-arm orientations in general results in the greatest exposure to the operator’s head region if the D from the pt is unchanged (pt is supine)?
AP (XR tube above anatomy)
situation: pt comes in for eval. of the longitudinal arch of the foot. which XR would provide best info about the arch?
lat wight-bearing XR
pt enters ER w multiple injuries. doc is concerned about a dislocation of the L prox humerus. pt unable to stand. what routine is advisable?
AP shoulder & recumbent AP scapular Y
pt comes in for T-spine routine. pt has hx of arthritis of spine. doc requests that additional XRs be taken o show zygapophyseal joints. What XRs would be ideal to show these structures?
70º obl XRs
(T/F) patella is drawn into the intercondylar sulcus when the knee is overextended
F (overflexed)
AP reverse caldwell XR for T skull requires the CR be
15º cephalic to OML
pt enters ER w possible pelvic ring fx due to MVA. initial pelvis XRs do not reveal any fx/dislocation, but ER doc is concerned about possible R acetabular fx. what will best show the R acetabulum? - AP axial inlet - axiolat inferosuperior (Danelius-Miller) - modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama) - post obl pelvis (Judet)
post obl pelvis (Judet)
in orthopedic terms, CR refers to
closed reduction
(T/F) only sterile items are allowed w/in the sterile field
T
which of the following contraindicates a femoral approach during a cerebral angiography? - arterial aneurysm - obese pt - lack of pulsation in femoral artery - arteriovenous malformations
lack of pulsation in femoral artery
which of the following XRs would be best for a pt w T to both prox femurs? - modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama) - axiolat (inferosuperior) - ant obl (Teufel) - AP axial (Taylor)
modified axiolat (Clements-Nakayama)
pt comes into ER w a possible pelvic ring fx. initial AP pelvis XR is inconclusive. what other XR can be taken to assist w the diagnosis?
AP axial inlet
which of the following is nonsurgical? - closed reduction - open reduction - int fixation - intramedullary fixation
closed reduction
extending the ankle joint, or pointing the foot and toes downward is called
plantar flexion
which of the following vessel(s) does NOT supply blood to the brain? - R common carotid artery - L common carotid artery - vertebral arteries - subclavian arteries
subclavian arteries
(T/F) OR tables are considered sterile only at the level of the tabletop
T
proper name for acute elbow flexion XR?
Jones method
(T/F) ankle series would best show a Pott’s fx
T
an ant. wedging of vertebrae w a loss of body height but rarely causing neuro symptoms is called?
compression fx
min D a tech should stand away from the XR tube during an exposure when using a mobile XR unit?
6 ft
what is critical when performing orthoroentgenography?
pt should not move btw exposures
XR of a unilat. frog-leg XR shows that the greater trochanter is superimposed over the femoral neck, which appears foreshortened. the doc is concerned about path involving the neck. what can tech do to improve the vis. of the femoral neck w/o foreshortening?
decrease abduction of femur to 20-30º from vertical
purpose of the HSG is to demonstrate the?
uterine cavity & patency of uterine tubes
(T/F) an ERCP can either diagnostic or therapeutic
T
most common injection site for a myelogram?
L3-4
best way to reduce production of scatter rad?
use a grid
(T/F) long bone measurements of the lower limb requires that the entire lower limb be included on ea radiograph
F (just joints)
what pos/CR best shows the radial head using the T lat Coyle method?
elbow flexed 90º, CR angled 45º toward shoulder
which procedure may require the use of Luque or Harrington rods?
Scoliosis corrective procedures
what should be done to reduce scatter rad from reaching the IR for the lat L-spine, sacrum, & coccyx XRs
place pb mat on tabletop behind pt
what factor should be the first consideration in controlling motion for a peds pt?
short exposure T
which special wrist XR is ideal for showing possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals?
Carpal bridge
which one of the following methods will best reduce pt dosage during a fluoro procedure in surgery? - increase mA - use intermittent fluoro - decrease kV - place XR tube above pt
use intermittent fluoro (pulse mode)
which of the following fx’s usually involves the spine? - depressed - comminuted - stellate - compression
compression
(T/F) CT & MRI arthrography has significantly reduced the # of radiographic arthrograms performed
T
(T/F) AP weight-bearing XR of knee should have knees flexed 20º w a 10º caudad CR angle
F
