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Portugal Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Douro - subzones

A

Subzones (West to East): Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior

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2
Q

Douro red and white grape varietals

A

Red

Alicante Bouschet, Alvarelhão, Alvarelhão Ceitão, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Aramon, Baga, Barca, Barreto, Bastardo, Bragão, Camarate, Carignan, Carrega Tinto, Casculho, Castelã, Castelão.

White

Alicante Branco, Alvarelhão Branco, Arinto (Pedernã), Avesso, Batoca, Bical, Branco Especial, Branco Guimarães, Caramela, Carrega Branco, Cercial, Chasselas, Côdega de Larinho, Diagalves, Dona Branca, Donzelinho Branco, Estreito Macio, Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)

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3
Q

Bairrada DOP - Authorized Varieties

A

Red: Alfrocheiro, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Baga, Bastardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rufete, Syrah, Tinta Barroca, Tinto Cão, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional

White: Arinto (Pedernã), Bical, Cercial, Chardonnay, Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes), Pinot Blanc, Rabo de Ovelha, Sauvignon, Sercealinho, Verdelho, Viognier

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4
Q

Dão DOP - subzones

A

Alva, Besteiros, Castendo, Serra da Estrela, Silgueiros, Terras da Azurara, Terras de Senhorím

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5
Q

Dao - Authorized Varieties

A

Red:
Alfrocheiro, Alvarelhão, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Bastardo, Jaen, Rufete, Tinto Cão, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

White:
Barcelo, Bical, Cercial, Encruzado, Malvasia Fina, Rabo de Ovelha, Terrantez, Uva Cão, Verdelho

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6
Q

Vinho Verde DOP - grape varietals

A

Red: Amaral, Borraçal, Alvarelhão (Brancelho), Espadeiro, Padeiro, Pedral, Rabo-de-Anho, Vinhão
White: Alvarinho, Avesso, Azal, Batoca, Loureiro, Arinto (Pederña), Trajadura

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7
Q

Vinho Verde DOP - subzones?

A
  • Monção e Melgaço (100% Alvarinho)
  • Lima
  • Cávado, Basto
  • Ave
  • Amarante
  • Sousa
  • Baião
  • Paiva
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8
Q

Vinho Verde DOP - grape varietals

A

Red

Amaral, Borraçal, Alvarelhão (Brancelho), Espadeiro, Padeiro, Pedral, Rabo-de-Anho, Vinhão

White
Alvarinho, Avesso, Azal, Batoca, Loureiro, Arinto (Pederña), Trajadura

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9
Q

Setúbal DOP - subzones?

A

Setúbal, Palmela, Montijo, Castelo (a village in the commune of Sesimbra)

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10
Q

Setúbal DOP - grape varietals

A

Red
Min. 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo, plus Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Bastardo, Castelão, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

White
Min. 67% Moscatel Graúdo (Moscatel de Setúbal/Muscat of Alexandria), plus Antão Vaz, Arinto (Pedernã), Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes), Malvasia Fina, Moscatel Galego Branco, Rabo de Ovelha, Roupeiro Branco, Verdelho, Viosinho

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11
Q

garrafeira on the label?

A

Tinto (red) garrafeira wines must age for a minimum 30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle.

Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines must age for a minimum 12 months with at least 6 in bottle.

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12
Q

Trás-os-Montes DOP - subzones

A

Chaves, Valpaços, Planalto Mirandês

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13
Q

Porto DOP - wine styles

A

Vinho Licoroso (Tawny, Ruby, White/Branco, Rosé/Rosado)

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14
Q

Porto DOP - Authorized Varieties

A

Tinto: Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Bastardo, Castelão, Cornifesto, Donzelinho Tinto, Malvasia Preta, Marufo, Rufete, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Francisca, Tinto Cão (Tinta Cão), Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

Branco: Arinto (Pedernã), Cercial, Donzelinho-Branco, Folgazão, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Moscatel Galego Branco, Rabigato, Samarrinho, Semillon, Sercial (Esgana Cão), Síria (Roupeiro), Verdelho, Viosinho, Vital

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15
Q

Special Categories of Port/Aging Requirements

A

Vintage: Wines must be bottled by July 30 of the third year after harvest. Wines may be sold from May 1 of the second year after harvest.

Late-Bottled-Vintage (LBV): Wines are aged in cask for at least four years and bottled before December 31 of the sixth year after harvest. LBV wines additionally aged for 3 years in bottle may carry the designation “Envelhicido em garrafa,” or bottle-matured.

Colheita: Tawny wines from a single vintage aged in cask for a minimum of 7 years.

Garrafeira: Wines that are aged in cask for at least 4 years, maximum 8 years, with an additional minimum 15 years of bottle maturing.

10/20/30/40/50 Years Old: Wines that are 10 or 20 years old may be labeled “Velho”; wines that are 30/40 or 50 years old may be labeled “Muito Velho” (very old).

Crusted: This term indicates that the wine has been matured and has left sediment in the bottle.

Reserva/Reserve: This term implies greater quality when used for “Ruby” Port but it does not carry any minimum aging requirement. If accompanied by the term “Tawny” or “White” the wine must have been cask-aged for at least 6 years.

VVO (Very Very Old): For wines over 80 years old (Cannot have an age statement on the bottle just VVO/W)

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16
Q

CHURCHILL’S

A

Quinta do Agua Alta (Cima Corgo)

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17
Q

COCKBURN’S

A

Quinta dos Canais (Douro Superior)

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18
Q

CROFT

A

Quinta do Roêda (Cima Corgo)

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19
Q

DOW’S

A

Quinta do Bomfim (Cima Corgo)

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20
Q

FONSECA

A

Quinta do Panascal (Cima Corgo)

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21
Q

GRAHAM’S

A

Quinta dos Malvedos (Cima Corgo)

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22
Q

KOPKE

A

Quinta do São Luiz (Cima Corgo)

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23
Q

NIEPOORT

A

Quinta do Passadouro (Cima Corgo)

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24
Q

QUINTA DO VESUVIO

A

QUINTA DO VESUVIO

Vesuvio A Capela: A limited production, premium Vintage Port Bottling produced in 2007, 2011, 2016, and 2017. (Douro Superior)

25
Q

QUINTA DO NOVAL

A

Quinta do Silval (Cima Corgo) (Last vintage 2015)

26
Q

RAMOS PINTO

A

Quinta do Bom Retiro (Cima Corgo)

27
Q

SANDEMAN

A

Quinta do Vau (Cima Corgo)

Quinta do Seixo (Cima Corgo)

28
Q

TAYLOR-FLADGATE

A

Quinta de Vargellas (Douro Superior)

Quinta de Terra Feita (Cima Corgo)

Quinta do Junco (Cima Corgo)

29
Q

WARRE’S

A

Quinta da Cavadinha (Cima Corgo)

30
Q

GRAHAM’S

A

Quinta dos Malvedos (Cima Corgo)

Quinta do Tua (Cima Corgo)

31
Q

DE ROMANIERA

A

Quinta das Liceiras (Cima Corgo)

32
Q

Bairrada DOP - Région?

A

Beira Atlântico

33
Q

Bairrada DOP - wine styles

A

Vinho: Branco, Rosado, Tinto
Vinho Espumante de Qualidade
Vinho Licoroso: Branco, Rosado, Tinto

34
Q

Lisboa IGP - subregions

A
  • Estremadura
  • Alta Estremadura
35
Q

DOP Regions of Lisboa

A

Encostas d’Aire DOP
Alenquer DOP
Arruda DOP
Bucelas DOP
Carcavelos DOP
Colares DOP
Lourinhã DOP
Torres Vedras DOP
Óbidos DOP

36
Q

Alentejo DOP - subzones

A

Évora, Borba, Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Reguengos, Redondo, Vidigueira, Portalegre

37
Q

Alentejo DOP - Authorized Varieties

A

Alentejo red and white wines must contain a minimum 75% of the following varieties.

Red: Alfrocheiro, Alicante-Bouschet, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Cabernet-Sauvignon, Castelão, Syrah, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

White: Antão Vaz, Arinto (Pedernã), Fernão-Pires (Maria Gomes), Manteúdo, Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha, Síria (Roupeiro), Tamarez, Trincadeira das Pratas

38
Q

DoTejo DOP - subzones

A

Almeirim, Cartaxo, Chamusca, Coruche, Santarém, Tomar

39
Q

Távora-Varosa DOP (Sparkling wine)

A

Vinho Espumante (sparkling), Traditional method with at least 9 months lees aging prior to disgorgement

40
Q

DOP Regions of Açores

A
  • Biscoitos DOP (island of Terceira)
  • Graciosa DOP (island of Graciosa)
  • Pico DOP (island of Pico)
41
Q

DOP Regions of Madeira

A

Madeira DOP

Madeirense DOP

42
Q

Madeira DOP - Growing Regions

A

South Side: Calheta, Câmara (Cama) de Lobos, Funchal, Ponta do Sol, Santa Cruz, Ribeira Brava, Machico

North Side: Porto Moniz, São Vicente, Santana

Porto Santo

43
Q

Madeira - Vinho Licoroso (fortified)

A

Rainwater: Medium dry wine made in a lighter style.

Colheita: Vintage must appear on the label. A single variety or blend of varieties from the list of recommended grapes may be used.

Frasqueira: A single grape variety (from the recommended varieties) and vintage must appear on the label.

Solera: A single grape variety (from the recommended varieties) and vintage of the base wine must appear on the label.

Age Indication (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and Over 50 Year Old): Age is a style-indication, and is assessed by a tasting panel.

Varietal wines: A single grape variety (from the recommended varieties) must appear on the label.

44
Q

Madeira - Permitted Varieties (Castas)

A

Tinto: Bastardo (Graciosa), Malvasia Cândida Roxa (Malvasia Roxa), Tinta (Tinta da Madeira), Tinta Negra (Tinta Negra Mole), Verdelho Tinto, Listrão

Branco: Terrantez (once thought to be identical to Folgasão, but now known as a distinct grape), Malvasia Fina (Boal), Malvasia Cândida (Malvasia di Lipari), Malvasia Branca de São Jorge, Moscatel Graúdo (Moscatel-de-Setúbal), Sercial (Esgana-cão), Verdelho

45
Q

Madeira - Minimum/Maximum Alcohol:

A

Alcohol: 17-22%

46
Q

Madeira - Minimum Aging Requirements

A

Madeira may not be sold until October 31 of the second year after the harvest.

47
Q

Madeira - Aging Requirements:

A

Rainwater: maximum age of 10 years

Vinho de Canteiro: 2 years in wood, and may not be bottled for 36 months after the final fortification

Vinho de Estufagem: May be bottled after 12 months from the conclusion of the estufagem process

Colheita: May be bottled from Oct. 31 of the fifth year following the harvest

Frasqueira: 20 years in wood

Solera: Min. 5 years in the solera, after which 10% may be drawn off each year for a maximum of 10 additions

Age Indication: Age is an indication of style, not the actual age or minimum age

48
Q

Madeira - Degree of Sweetness

A

Extra-Dry: Less than 0.5 Baumé
Dry: Less than 1.5 Baumé
Medium Dry: 1 to 2.5 Baumé
Medium Sweet: 2.5 to 3.5 Baumé
Sweet: Above 3.5 Baumé

49
Q

Madeira - Degree of Sweetness if grape is indicated:

A

Sercial may be dry or extra dry
Verdelho is medium dry
Boal is medium sweet
Malvasia is sweet
Terrantez is medium dry or medium sweet

50
Q

Madeira Principal Soils:

A

Madeira volcanic soils: Saibro (decomposed red tufa), Cascalho (stony soil), Pedra molle (an arenaceous soil, of decomposed yellow tufa), and Massapes (clay resulting from the decomposition of dark tufa)

Porto Santo: volcanic and limestone

51
Q

DOP Regions of Algarve

A

Lagoa DOP

Lagos DOP

Portimão DOP

Tavira DOP

52
Q

Madeira walls of basalt stone sustain terraces known as?

A

Poios

53
Q

Madeira vineyards are trained in?

A

Pergolas - Latadas

54
Q

Madeira - who store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit?

A

Partidistas

55
Q

Madeira Production Companies

A

H.M. Borges (founded 1877)
Henriques & Henriques (founded 1850)
Madeira Wine Company (originally formed in 1913 as the Madeira Wine Association, the MWC formally changed its title in 1981)
Pereira D’Oliveira (founded 1850 as a partidista)
Vinhos Barbeito (founded 1946)
Vinhos Justino Henriques (founded 1870)
Faria & Filhos (founded 1949)
Madeira Vintners (Cooperativa Agrícola do Funchal) (founded 2013)

56
Q

Madeira - method for their best wines.

A

Canteiro ( In this process, the wines are cask-aged for a period of at least two years in lodge attics. In this manner, the wine is exposed to the gentler, natural warmth of the sun as it undergoes a much slower process of maturation, preventing the burnt caramelization of sugars and resulting bitter flavors associated with rapid heating. Although Canteiro wines may be bottled at a minimum three years of age, the best Vinhos de Canteiro will remain in cask for 20 years or more, developing into the rarest and most treasured wines of the island: Frasqueiras).

57
Q

Main Varietal Styles of Madeira

A

Sercial: The driest varietal Madeira, Sercial displays searing acidity and, over time, its youthful citrus notes evolve into a more complex almond bouquet. Sercial is a suitable aperitif, and often a good accompaniment to light soups and consommés. While considered dry these wines may still contain around 18 to 65 grams per liter of residual sugar.

Verdelho: Verdelho produces a medium dry wine of high acid, with a smoky, honeyed character. The wines are slightly fuller in body than Sercial. Considered medium dry, these wines may still contain around 49 to 78 grams per liter of residual sugar.

Boal: Boal produces a medium sweet, rich style of wine, in which the acidity is still powerful enough to dominate the finish. Highly aromatic, the wines tend to display classic chocolate, roasted nut, and coffee notes. With age, Boal tends to be the darkest Madeira wine in color. These wines, considered medium sweet, may contain around 78 to 96 grams per liter of residual sugar.

Malvasia (Malmsey): The Malvasia wines represent the sweetest and softest style of Madeira. On the nose, Malmsey evokes toffee, vanilla, and marmalade aromas. The wine can frame a cheese course or dessert flavors of nut, caramel, and dried fruits equally well. Malmsey is considered sweet and may contain around 96 to 135 grams per liter of residual sugar.

58
Q

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends

A

Rainwater: A popular style in the US, Rainwater Madeira is usually 100% Tinta Negra. The wine is medium dry, and light in style.

Seleccionado: Such bottles are often labeled “Finest,” “Choice,” or “Select,” and include a blended wine that is at least 3 years old (but below five years of age). These wines are dominated by the Tinta Negra grape, heated in Estufagem and aged in tank rather than cask.

Reserve (Reserva): Madeira that is 5 years of age or older (but below 10 years of age) may use this designation.
Special Reserve (Reserva Especial): Madeira that is 10 years of age or older (but below 15 years of age) may use this designation. Wines of this category (and all older designations) are often made of a single noble variety, heated by the Canteiro method.

Extra Reserve: Madeira that is 15 years of age or older (but below 20 years of age) may use this designation.
5 Years Old, 10 Years Old, 15 Years Old, 20 Years Old, 30 Years Old, 40 Years Old, Over 50 Years Old

Solera: Madeira wines produced by fractional blending and the Canteiro method. A maximum 10% of a solera’s stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera. Solera wines will be bottled with the starting date of the solera, but wines added to the solera may actually be older than the original wine—a solera on Madeira often served to extend the lifespan of a particular vintage, when there was little or no wine to sell in the following year. To accomplish this, producers refreshed soleras with stocks of older, rather than younger, wines.

59
Q

Madeira with a Vintage Date

A

Colheita (Harvest): Colheita Madeira is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum required) and is aged for a minimum 5 years prior to bottling. It may be a blend or a single varietal wine. Colheita offers the consumer a “vintage” Madeira without the extended cask aging, complexity, or cost of a true Vintage Madeira, or Frasqueira. The word “harvest” is sometimes used in place of Colheita but producers are not allowed to use the word “vintage” on labels.

Frasqueira: Vintage Madeira aged for a minimum 20 years in cask. Frasqueira must be produced from a single “noble” variety. Since only a minimum 85% of the vintage is required, these wines are topped up with younger wines throughout the aging process. Vintage wines are produced by the Canteiro method and may be aged for additional time—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging. Frasqueira is the epitome of Madeira, and one of the world’s legendary and long-lived wines.

Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta: An exceptional rarity, wines so labeled underwent an ocean journey across the equator. Shortridge Lawton, now a brand of the Madeira Wine Company, produced wines in this traditional style as late as the early 1900s.

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