Portugal Flashcards
1
Q
How long must espumanto DO Douro wines be on their lees? What is the min abv?
A
- 9 m on lees
- 11% ABV
2
Q
Fortified Port from the Douro DOP is released as what DOP?
A
Porto DOP
3
Q
What percentage of the Douro’s wines are released as Porto?
A
~50%
4
Q
How long must the wines of Setubal be aged? How long are some aged?
A
- Min 18 m
- in large wooden casks
- up to 5 years, some as long as 20
5
Q
Describe the red and white styles of Carcavelos DOP.
A
(Lisboa IGP)
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado. After fortification the wines are aged for 2 years in wood and 6 months in bottle
6
Q
What is Aragonez?
A
Tempranillo
7
Q
What two wines benefited from the ‘torna viagem’ (round trip) maturation process in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade?
A
Madeira and Setubal
8
Q
When was Setubal demarcated?
A
1907- one of Portugal’s first
9
Q
What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?
A
- Mateau
- Lancers
- For sweet, semi-sparkling roses
10
Q
What are the 6 sub-regions of Do Tejo DOP?
A
- Coruche
- Cartaxo
- Santarem
- Tomar
- Chamusca
- Almerim
11
Q
What styles and from what grapes are produced in Do Tejo DOP?
A
White wines outnumber reds and rosados
White- Fernao Pires
Red-Castelao
12
Q
What IGP coves 30% of Portugal’s landmass?
A
Alentejano IGP
13
Q
What DOP of Lisboa produces aguardente?
A
Lourinã
14
Q
What are the sub-regions of Encostas de Aire DOP?
A
- Ourém
- Alcobaça
15
Q
Where is the Transmontana IGP located?
A
- East of Minho
- Along the Spanish boarder
- North of Duriense
16
Q
What are the 3 non-contiguous sub-regions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?
A
- Chaves
- Valpaços
- Planalto Mirandés
17
Q
What does ‘garrafeira’ mean on a Portuguese table wine label?
A
- ‘Private Wines Cellar’- indicating a minimum period of aging prior to release
- Tinto- min 30 m (w/ 12 m in btl)
- Branco/Rosado- min 12 m (w/ 6 m in btl)
18
Q
What is the min % of grapes grown in a stated region region for a Portuguese wine?
A
85%
19
Q
What does ‘garrafeira’ mean on a port wine label? Who pioneered it?
A
- Following a few years in barrel, it is aged for a min of 8 years in glass demijohns
- Niepoort
20
Q
What DOP provides the best terrior for Castelão? What % is required?
A
- Palmela DOP (sandy plains)
- Min 66.7% required
21
Q
What are the two major grapes of Palmela DOP white wines?
A
White wines are typically blended with high proportions if Fernão Pires and Arinto
22
Q
What red grape is a signature component of Dão red blends?
A
Touriga Nacional
23
Q
What is the most planted grape in the Dão?
A
Jaen (Mencia)
24
Q
What 3 DOPs near Lisbon are slowly disappearing due to the expanding urban population?
A
- Bucelas
- Colares
- Carcavelos
25
How many of the 9 Azores Islands have DOP zones? What are they?
- 3 of the 9
- Pico (fortified)
- Biscoitos (fortified)
- Graciosa (dry whites)
26
What are the DOPs of Terra's do Dão IGP?
- Dão
| - Lafões
27
Where is Bairrada DOP? What is it's sole subzone?
- Beira Alântico
| - Terras do Sicó
28
What styles if wine are permitted under the Palmela DOP?
```
White
Red
Rosado
Frisante
Espumante
Licoroso
```
29
The liberal encépagement of Palmela allows for what international white and red varieties?
```
Cab Sauv
Chard
Sémillon
Syrah
Sauv Blanc
Merlot
Tannat
```
30
What is the purpose of enforcado? How much of the vines of Vinho Verde are grown this way?
- Reducing risk of fungal disease and allowing crops to be cultivated below the vines, creating a dense farming region
- Less than 10% of the vines are still trained in this method
31
Where are the finest examples of Arinto produced?
Bucelas (Lisboa)
32
What is the min and max ABV of Carcavelos DOP?
Min 15%
| Max 22%
33
What is Vinho Abafado?
Partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used for fortification in Carcavelos DOP
34
What styles of wines are produced in the Bairrada DOP? What style is dominant?
Red (dominant)
White
Rosado
35
What 3 regions is Touriga Nacional 'valued' in Portugal?
- Dão
- Duoro
- Alentejano
36
In Bairrada, what soils are the red and white grapes planted on, respectively?
- Red- barros (clay)
| - White- sandy soils
37
What are Colgeita Tardia?
Late harvest wines of Portugal
38
What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?
Oporto
39
What is Portugal's largest DOP?
Vinho Verde (15% of the total vineyard acreage)
40
What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?
Barco Rabelo
41
When were the monopolistic demands of the Port trade ended?
1968- with membership to the EU
| -All Port wines are required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia
42
What are 2 synonyms for Touriga Nacional?
- Bical Tinto
| - Mortágua Preto
43
What is enforcado?
A traditional vine training method in Vinho Verde. Vines grow off the ground, up trees, stakes and telephone poles, creating overhead canopies.
44
What style of wine is produced in the Biscoitos DOP of the Azores Island of Terceira? What are the authorized grapes?
Fortified whites from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez
45
What style of wine is produced from the Graciosa DOP of the Azores Islands?
Dry white table wine
46
What is the most planted variety of Vinho Verde?
Loureiro
47
What town of Vinho Verde is directly across the Minho River from Rias Baixas' Condado do Tea?
Monção
48
What important sub-region of Vinho Verde is producing quality Alvarinho?
Monção e Melgaço
49
What are the 2 DOPs of Península do Setúbal IGP?
- Setúbal
| - Palmela
50
What are the 5 best red grapes for the Douro and Porto?
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz
- Tinta Cão
- Tinta Barroca
51
What 4 white grapes are the best for production in the Duoro and Porto?
- Malvasia Fina
- Vosinho
- Rabigato
- Gouveio
52
What was the Duoro Wine Company initially?
- Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
- Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
- Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
- Authorized individual farmer's production allotment based on the vineyard's grade
- Regulated grape prices
- Fixed pricing on finished wines
- Managed exports
- Monopolized the sale of aguardente
53
What wines are produced under the Douro DOP?
- Table wines
| - Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and rare)
54
What is the Portuguese term for fortified?
Licoroso
55
What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?
The Royal Oporto Wine Company
56
What style of wines are produced in Bucelas? From what grapes?
Dry white- min 75% Arinto
57
What is the sole DOP of Alentejano?
Alentejo DOP
58
Who is the largest producer of Setúbal?
J.M. da Fonseca
59
What is the sole DOP of the Tejo IGP?
Do Tejo DOP
60
What is required of Douro wines to be labeled 'Reserva'?
- White/Rosado- min 11.5% ABV, 6 m aging
| - Red- min 12% ABV, 1 yr aging
61
What is the major red grape of the Bairrada DOP? What are the blending requirements?
- Min 50% Baga
- May be supported with:
- -Touriga Nacional
- -Camarate
- -Castelão
- -Jaen
- -Alfrocheiro
62
What white grapes are used in the Bairrada DOP?
- Maria Gomes (AKA Fernão Pires)
| - Arinto
63
What is the difference between Cercial and Sercial?
- Cercial is used for white wines in Dão, Douro, and Bairrada
- Sercial is a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira, aka Esgana Cão
- The two grapes are genetically distinct
64
What grapes are used for Colares reds and whites?
```
Reds:
-'Chão de Areia'- min 80% Ramisco
-'Chão Rija'- min 80% Castelão
White:
-Min 80% Malvasia
```
65
Who originally bottled the 'perequita' wine?
J.M. da Fonseca
- It was Castelão intended to be the 'Perequita' brand
- Other producers began bottling Castelão under Perequita as a synonym for the grape
- J.M. da Fonseca successfully contested in court
66
What % of acreage dies Touriga Nacional account for in Portugal? Where did it originate?
- 10%
| - Dão
67
What volcanic islands are located 1,000 miles off the coast of Portugal?
Açores Islands
68
Who manages the appellation and regulations for Port today?
Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)
69
The Terras Madeirenses IGP covers what two inhabited isles of the Madeira archipelago?
Madeira and Porto Santo
70
What DOP of Madeira is for unfortified wines? What colors are permitted?
Madeirense DOP
| Red, white, rosado
71
What is Vinhos ao Roda?
Madeira that had undergone the 'torna viagem' (round trip)
72
What does 'reserva' mean on still or sparkling wine labels in Portugal?
Still- indicates at least .5% ABV higher than the legal min established by the DOP or IGP (stricter DOP reqs may apply)
Sparkling- 12 m on lees prior to disgorgement
73
What does 'Colheita Seleccionada' mean on a Portuguese wine label?
It indicates a 1% higher ABV than established by the regional appellation.
74
What is the Portuguese term for varietal?
Casta
75
What is the most widely cultivated red grape in Portugal? Where did it originate?
- Castelão
| - Tejo
76
What are the important red varieties of Trás-os-Montes?
- Touriga Nacional
- Tinta Roriz
- Bastardo
- Touriga Fracesa
- Trincadeira
77
What are the min ABVs for Douro DOP wines?
- White/Rosado- 10.5%
- Red- 11%
- Moscatel do Douro- 16.5%
78
What is the most important white grape of Alentejano?
Antão Vaz
79
What is Alfrocheiro?
A promising red grape, planted primarily in the Dão and Alentejano
80
What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP reds?
Min 75% combined Castelão & Preto Martinho
81
What grape is used for Moscatel do Douro?
Moscatel Galego (Muscat à Petits Grains)
82
What region of Portugal has in grafted Ramisco? What is the name of the soil here?
- Colares
- Sandy soils protected against phylloxera
- 'Chão de Areia'
83
What is Fernão Pires? What is it also known as? Where are the plantings concentrated?
- White casta
- Aka Maria Gomes in Bairrada
- Found throughout Portugal, concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of the Tejo
84
What styles and from what grapes are the wines of Setúbal DOP?
- Licoroso Branco- min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d'Alexandria)
- Licoroso Tinto- min 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo
85
What are the important white varieties of Trás-os-Montes?
- Fernão Pires
- Síria
- Viosinho
- Gouveio
- Malvasia Fina
- Rabigato
86
What is the Terras do Sado now know as?
Península de Setúbal
87
As of 2011, how many IGPs are in Portugal? What are they?
14
- Minho
- Transmontano
- Terras do Dão
- Terras do Cister
- Terras do Beira
- Beria Atlântico
- Tejo
- Alentejano
- Península de Setúbal
- Algarve
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores Islands
88
What are 'Bon bons'?
Glass demijohns used to age port
89
What color wines are mostly produced in Alentejo DOP? From what grapes?
- Reds exceed whites
| - Trincadeira
90
What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?
Bastardo
91
What are the 8 sub-zones of Alentejo DOP?
- Moura
- Granja-Amareleja
- Évora
- Vidigueira
- Reguengos
- Redondo
- Borba
- Portalegre
92
What region of Portugal has widespread Quercus Suber trees?
Alentejo
93
What DOP and IGP share the exact same boundaries in the northwest of Portugal?
- Minho IGP
| - Vinho Verde DOP
94
What style of wine is produced in the Pico DOP of Azores? What are the requirements?
- Fortified whites
- Min 16% ABV after fortification
- Min 3 yr in barrel
- Grapes: Verdelho, Arinto, Terrantez
95
What is Trincadeira also know as?
Tinta Amarela
96
What are the 4 DOPs of Algarve?
- Lagos
- Portimão
- Lagoa
- Tavira
97
What industry dominates Algarve?
Resort tourism
98
What is 'Vinhos Canteiro'?
Madeira that was matured on the island
99
What are the 7 sub regions of the Dão?
- Sierra de Estrela
- Alva
- Besteiros
- Castendo
- Silgueiros
- Terras de Azurara
- Terras de Senhorim
100
What styles of wine are produced in the Dão?
- Red, white, rosado, 'novo' tino (nouveau), espumante
| - Red accounts for 3/4
101
What is the max % of experimental grapes that can be used in a blend in the Dão?
40% of the blend
102
What is the synonym for Sercial?
Esgana Cão (the dog strangler)
103
What grapes may be used for 'Bairrada Classico'? What is the min ABV?
- Baga, Alfrocheiro, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, & Touriga Nacional
- Min 12.5% ABV
104
What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?
- Bucelas
- Colares
- Carcavelos
- Arruda
- Torres Vedras
- Alenquer
- Óbidos
- Lourinhã
- Encostas de Aire
105
How do the whites and reds from Vinho Verde become pétillant?
- Whites- generally a carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
- Reds- from a malo-fermentation in the bottle
106
What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?
Colares
107
What are the recommended red grapes for the Dão?
- Touriga Nacional
- Jaen
- Touriga Franca
- Alfrocheiro
- Aragonez
- Bastardo
- Rufete
- Trincadeira
- Tinta Cão
108
What are the subregions of Vinho Verde?
(North to south)
- Monçao e Melgaço
- Lima
- Cávado
- Basto
- Ave
- Sousa
- Amarante
- Baião
- Paiva
109
What region contains the Douro Valley?
Duriense
110
What was Portugal's first demarcated region?
Douro DOP
| Was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site
111
What is the southernmost IGP of Portugal?
Algarve
112
What variety is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde?
Alvarinho
113
Who pioneered the style of dry Dourp table wines?
Ferreira- in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha
114
What port houses are making good table wines?
- Niepoort
- Quinta do Crasto
- Ramos Pinto
115
What is required for Licoroso wines of Setúbal to be labeled by variety?
Min 85% of stated grape
116
What is the most promising subzone of Alentejo DOP?
Portalegre
117
What region were Douro and Porto part of prior to the creation if the Duriense IGP?
Transmontano
118
Can Moscatel do Douro carry an age designation in the manner of Tawny Port?
Yes
119
What is the Madeira regulatory body?
IVBAM
120
What was Do Tejo DOP formerly known as?
Ribatejo
121
What grapes are used for Carcaveloa DOP whites?
Blends of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho
122
What red grapes are grown in Vinho Verde?
- Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
- Espadeiro
- Borraçal
- Alvarelhão
123
How does Portugal rank globally in production and consumption?
Production - 11th
| Consumption - 7th per capita
124
Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?
- Christian Kopke (a German)
| - 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)
125
What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?
- Warre & Co
- Croft
- Taylor's
126
What is the Península de Setúbal IGP formerly known as?
Terras do Sado
127
What white grape produces noble white wines in the Dão?
Encruzado
128
What is Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro?
Duoro Wine Company
129
What is important about Quinta do Vale Meãd?
- A 270ha Douro Superior estate- formerly the primary source of Barca Velha (the first table wine of the Douro)
- Has established itself as one the the regions young cult stars
130
What are the recommended white grapes for the Dão?
- Encruzado
- Bical
- Cercial
- A number of other grapes are authorized, but not 'recommended'
131
How long must Moscatel do Douro be aged?
18 m
132
What grapes dominate Algarve's production?
- Red- Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole
| - White- Arinto, Síria
133
What is required for Douro wines to be labeled as 'Grande Reserva'?
The must meet the 'reserva' criteria and they must score exceptionally well when being certified in the mandatory IVDP blind tasting
134
What Geisenhein crossing produces small amounts of wine on Madeira?
Arnsburger
135
What is the proffered soil type in the Douro?
Schist
136
What are the 3 sub-zones of the Douro?
- Baixo Corgo
- Cima Corgo
- Douro Superior
137
What 4 new IGPs were established in 2011 for Beiras?
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras da Beira
- Beria Atlântico
138
What DOP of Terras de Cister IGP is a center for sparkling wine production?
Távora-Varosa DOP
139
What is the harder soul type further inland in the Colares DOP? What is grown there?
- Chão Rija
| - Castelão
140
How long are the wines if Setúbal usually macerated?
Up to 6 months, following fermentation and fortification.
141
Where is the Beria Interior DOP located? What are it's 3 sub-zones?
Terras da Beira IGP
- Beira Castelo Rodrigo
- Cova da Beria
- Pinhel
142
When and who discovered the Madeira archipelago?
At Prince Henry the Navigator's instigation, Portuguese sailors explored the African Coast and discovered the Madeira archipelago in 1419, nearly 625 miles from the mainland
143
What did the English nickname port?
Blackstrap
144
When did powdery and downy mildew strike Portugal? When did Phylloxera enter the Douro?
1850s; 1867 (Colares, near Lisboa, was spared from the root louse)
145
What was DOC renamed to retain eligibility for protection in the EU?
DOP (Demoninacao de Origem Protegia)
146
What is a casta?
A grape varietal
147
What are the dominate soils of Portugal?
Shallow granitic soils
148
Where is Transmontano IGP?
East of Minho IGP
149
Where is Tras-os-Montes DOP?
In Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal.
150
Where is Chaves?
It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal
151
Where is Valpacos?
It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal
152
Where is Planalto Mirandes?
It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal
153
Where is Douro DOP?
In the Duriense IGP
154
Where is Porto DOP?
In the Duriense IGP
155
What two mountains run through the Douro DOP?
Marao and Montemuro - the act as barriers to the humid Atlantic wines and the Douro becomes progressively drier toward the Spanish boarder
156
Where is the Dao DOP?
In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
157
Where is Lafoes DOP?
In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
158
Where is Serra da Estrela?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
159
Where is Besteiros?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
160
Where is Castendo?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
161
Where is Silgueiros?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
162
Where is Terras de Azurara?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
163
Where s Terras de Sehorim?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
164
Where is Alva?
It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal
165
What is the climate of the Dao DOP?
The region is hot and dry in the growing season but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months
166
What is the principal soil of the Dao DOP?
Granitic
167
What is the climate of Bairrada DOP?
Milder, rainier climate
168
What are the main soils of Bairrada DOP?
Lime-rich clay, Barros (clay), sand
169
What IGP of Portugal releases the most wine by volume?
Lisboa IGP
170
What is the climate of the Peninsula de Setubal IGP?
Mediterranean
171
What river runs through the Tejo IGP?
Tagus or Tejo RIver
172
Where is DoTejo DOP?
Tejo IGP
173
Where is Alentejo DOP?
Alentejano IGP
174
Where is Lagos DOP?
In the Algarve IGP
175
Where is Lagoa DOP?
In the Algarve IGP
176
Where is Portimao DOP?
In the Algarve IGP
177
Where is Tavira DOP?
In the Algarve IGP
178
Where is Pico DOP?
On the island IGP of Acores
179
Where is Graciosa DOP?
On the island IGP of Acores
180
Where is Biscoitos DOP?
On the island IGP of Acores
181
Where is Madeira DOP?
Terra Madeirenses IGP
182
Where is Madeirense DOP?
Terra Madeirenses IGP
