Australia Flashcards
What are two key factors in South Australia’s rise to prominence?
1- Phylloxera (confined only to Victoria and New South Wales, led way for South Australia to emerge as the largest region of production) 2- Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia (federation brought a relaxation of the interstate trade barriers)
Who developed bag-in-the-box technology?
Australians
What two Adelaide based centers have helped to improve Austrialia’s understanding of wine?
The Australian Wine Research Institute and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
Who did ‘flying winemakers’ originally refer to?
Winemakers from Australia
Who developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning?
CSIRO
How many winemakers of Australia account for nearly 70% of wine production?
14
When was ‘Grange’ debuted? Who was the winemaker? Who is the producer? What was it originally called?
1951; Max Schubert; Penfolds; Grange Hermitage
Who makes ‘Hill of Grace’?
Henschke
When was Wine Australia created? What was the original name?
1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation
What does Wine Australia do?
Maintains oversight of the wine industry- regulates label language, defines geographical boundaries of wine regions, moderates exports and trade, promotes the wines at home and abroad
Who introduced the Label Integrity Program for Australia? When?
Wine Australia introduced it in 1990
What are the minimum percentages for any Australian wines labeled with vintage, varietal or region?
85%
What are the requirements in Australia for listing multiple varieties on the label?
They must be listed in the order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum of 85% of the blend must appear on the label. No listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed varietal
How are regions in Australia defined by Wine Australia?
as Geographical Indications (GIs)
How are the wine regions of Australia divided?
State -> Zone -> Region -> Sub-region
How are regions and sub-regions defined by Wine Australia?
Single tracts of land, compromising at least five independently owned vineyards of at least five hectares apiece, with a minimum output of 500 tons of wine grapes annually
When did Wine Australia authorize the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia? What does it encompass?
1996; Includes all of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales and the winegrowing areas of South Australia and Queensland
When and where were the first vineyards planted in Australia?
In New South Wales in 1788
What mountain range runs through New South Wales?
The Great Dividing Range
What is the Riverina region also known as?
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
What sides of the Great Dividing Range is Riverina?
West
Who is the producer of [yellow tail]? Where do they source most of their fruit?
Casella; Riverina
Who produces a Botrytised dessert wine in the Riverina?
De Bortoli- it is called ‘Noble One’
What is the climate of the Hunter region?
Subtropical- it has one of the warmest climates in Australia- mitigated by high amounts of humidity, rain and wind
What is Hunter Riesling?
Semillon
Name a top bottling of Hunter Riesling.
Vat 1 by Tyrrell
What are the popular grapes in the Hunter region?
Semillon and Verdelho as well as Shiraz and Cab Sauv
Where are the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia?
Broke Fordwich, Hunter, Hunter zone, New South Wales, Australia
What are the soils of Broke Fordwich?
Sandy, alluvial soils
What is the climate of Canberra District region?
Continental
What is a top bottling of Canberra District region?
Clonakilla’s Canberra District Shiraz- co-fermented with a small percentage of Viognier
What is the climate of Tumbarumba GI?
Alpine, cool-climate
What is Tumbarumba GI known for?
Still and sparkling wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
What is the smallest and coolest state on Australia’s mainland?
Victoria
What cools coastal Victoria?
Sea breezes blowing up from Antarctica
What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone?
Cool, maritime climate
What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?
The Yarra Valley GI
When did Moet & Chandon move into Australia? Where did they open up shop?
Moet & Chandon opened Australian Domaine Chandon in 1987 in the Yarra Valley GI
What are the two distinct soils of the Yarra Valley GI?
Grey-brown sandy loam and red basalt-derived
What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?
Profoundly maritime, even cooler and windier than the rest of Victoria
What grapes are popular in the Mornington Peninsula?
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay
What is the climate of the North East Victoria, North West Victoria and Central Victoria zones?
More continental, typified by a large diurnal swing, and North West Victoria is the hottest of the three
What two GI regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?
Murray Darling and Swan Hill
What are the most popular grapes of North West Victoria?
Chardonnay and Shiraz
Where is the producer Tahbilk located? What are they known for?
Located in Central Victoria, they managed to protect their vineyards from Phylloxera and they produce their flagship Shiraz from vines planted in 1860
What two regions within North East Victoria are known for sweet fortified wines?
Rutherglen and Glenrowan
When was the Muscat of Rutherglen Network established? What did they do?
In 1995; They developed a voluntary four-tier classification system for the wines based on age, sweetness and complexity. (Producers are responsible for classifying their own wines based on taste alone.) Member wines are denoted by a stylized “R” on the label.
Where is production concentrated within the state of South Australia?
In the lower southeastern sector of the state
What is the climate of Coonawarra?
Cool, maritime influenced
What region of Australia is often considered to producer the best Cabernet Sauvignon?
Coonawarra, within the Limestone Coast in South Australia
Name three of the top bottlings coming from Coonawarra.
Marjella, Wynns’ “John Riddoch” and Parker Estate’s “First Growth”
What climatic concerns do producers in Coonawarra face?
Spring frosts
What is the soil of Coonawarra?
Terra rossa
What is the soil of Padthaway GI?
Terra rossa and red-brown sandy loam
What is the climate of Riverland GI?
Continental and hot with low rainfall, high soil salinity and water shortages
What is the climate of Fleurieu zone?
Essentially Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandria
What are the popular grapes of McLaren Vale GI?
Cab Sauv and Rhone varietals
What are the top bottlings coming out of McLaren Vale GI?
D’Arenberg’s “Dead Arm” Shiraz
Yangarra’s “High Sands” Grenache
Drew Noon’s Grenache-based “Eclipse”
and the dry-farmed Clarendon Hill’s “Astralis” Shiraz
What is the southernmost region of Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide Hills GI
What is the climate of Adelaide Hills GI?
Cool, maritime cliamte
Where are the most classic and ageworthy examples of Australian Riesling found?
Clare Valley GI
What is the climate of Clare Valley GI?
Warmer, continental
What is Clare Valley GI known for?
Riesling
What are the two unofficial subregions of Clare Valley?
Watervale and Polish Hill River
What soils characterize Clare Valley’s unofficial subzones of Watervale and Polish Hill River
Limestone and broken slate, respectively
Name a top producer from Clare Valley.
Grosset
What is Australia’s most important region for Shiraz?
Barossa zone
What is the capacity of the traditional American oak hogshead?
300 L
Where is Penfolds based?
Barossa Valley
Who are the top producers from Barossa Valley?
Penfolds, Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford
What are the popular grapes of Eden Valley GI?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz and Cab Sauv
Who are the top producers coming from Eden Valley GI?
Yalumba, Pewsey Vale and Henschke
What is the most acclaimed appellation in Western Australia?
Margaret River GI
What are the most popular grapes of Margaret River GI?
Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux Blends
Who are the best known producers of Margaret River GI?
Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle
What are the popular grapes of Mount Barker subregion?
Riesling, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
What is the hottest appellation in Australia?
Swan Valley GI
What is the climate of Granite Belt?
Continental with plentiful summer rain, moderated by high altitude and cooler mountain air
What are the popular grapes of Granite Belt?
Semillon and Shiraz
What unofficial region of Queensland is likely to become the state’s third GI?
Darling Downs
What is Australia’s coolest wine producing area?
Tasmania
What are the popular grapes of Tasmania?
Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Cab Sauv
Where does Pinot Noir flourish in Tasmania?
In the Pipers River area
Where does Cabernet Sauvignon flourish in Tasmania?
in the Tamar Valley and Coal River areas
What are the 6 states of Australia?
- Western Australia
- Queensland
- Victoria
- South Australia
- New South Wales
- Tasmania
Where is the Central Western Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
Where is the Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
Where is the Greater Perth zone?
Western Australia, Australia
What are the regions of Greater Perth?
- Peel
- Perth Hills
- Swan District
Where is Peel region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Where is the Perth Hills region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Where is the Swan District region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
What is the subzone of Swan District region?
Swan Valley
Where is Swan Valley?
Swan District, Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Where is the South West Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?
- Blackwood Valley
- Geographe
- Manjimup
- Margaret River
- Pemberton
- Great Southern
Where is Blackwood Valley?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Geographe?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Manjimup?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Margaret River?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Pemberton?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Great Southern?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
What are the subzones of the Great Southern region?
- Albany
- Denmark
- Frankland River
- Mount Barker
- Porongurup
Where is Albany?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Denmark?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Frankland River?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Mount Barker?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is Porongurup?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
Where is West Australia South East Coastal?
Western Australia, Australia
What are the 5 zones of Western Australia?
- Central Western Australia
- Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
- Greater Perth
- South West Australia
- West Australia South East Coast
What are the two regions of Queensland?
- South Burnett
- Granite Belt
Where is South Burnett?
Queensland, Australia
Where is Granite Belt?
Queensland, Australia
What are the 6 zones of Victoria?
- Central Victoria
- Gippsland
- North East Victoria
- North West Victoria
- Port Phillip
- Western Victoria
Where is the Central Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
What are the regions of Central Victoria?
- Bendigo
- Goulburn Valley
- Heathcote
- Strathbogie Ranges
- Upper Goulburn
Where is Bendigo?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Goulburn Valley?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Heathcote?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Strathbogie Ranges?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Upper Goulburn?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
What is the subzone within Goulburn Valley?
Nagambie Lakes
Where is Nagambie Lakes?
Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is the Gippsland zone?
Victoria, Australia
Where is the North East Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
What are the regions of the North East Victoria zone?
- Alpine Valleys
- Beechworth
- Glenrowan
- King Valley
- Rutherglen
Where is Alpine Valleys?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Beechworth?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Glenrowan?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is King Valley?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Rutherglen?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is the North West Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
Where is Murray Darling?
North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Swan Hill?
North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
What are the two regions of the North West Victoria zone?
- Murray Darling
- Swan Hill
Where is Port Phillip?
Victoria, Australia
What are the regions of the Port Phillips zone?
- Geelong
- Macedon Ranges
- Mornington Peninsula
- Sunbury
- Yarra Valley
Where is Geelong?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Where is Macedon Ranges?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Where is Mornington Peninsula?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Where is Sunbury?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Where is Yarra Valley?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Where is the Western Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
What are the regions within the Western Victoria zone?
- Grampians
- Henty
- Pyrenees
Where is Grampians?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Henty?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
Where is Pyrenees?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
What is the subzone of Grampians?
Great Western
Where is Great Western?
Grampians, Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?
- Big Rivers
- Central Ranges
- Hunter Valley
- North Rivers
- Northern Slopes
- South Coast
- Southern New South Wales
- Western Plains
Where is the Big Rivers zone?
New South Wales, Australia
What are the regions within the Big Rivers zone?
- Murray Darling
- Perricoota
- Riverina
- Swan Hill
Where is Perricoota?
Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Riverina?
Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
Where is the Central Ranges zone?
New South Wales, Australia
What are the regions within the Central Ranges zone?
- Cowra
- Mudgee
- Orange
Where is Cowra?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Mudgee?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Orange?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
Where is the Hunter Valley zone?
New South Wales, Australia
What is the region of the Hunter Valley zone?
Hunter
Where is the Hunter region?
Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
What are the subregions of Hunter?
- Broke Fordwich
- Pokolbin
- Upper Hunter Valley
Where is Broke Fordwich?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Pokolbin?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Upper Hunter Valley?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Where is the North Rivers zone?
New South Wales, Australia
What is the region within the North Rivers zone?
Hastings River
Where is Hastings River?
North Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
What is the region within the Northern Slopes zone?
New England Australia
Where is New England Australia?
Northern Slopes, New South Wales, Australia
Where is the South Coast zone?
New South Wales, Australia
What are the regions within the South Coast zone?
- Shoalhaven Coast
- Southern Highlands
Where is Shoalhaven Coast?
South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Southern Highlands?
South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Southern New South Wales?
New South Wales, Australia
What are the regions within the Southern New South Wales zone?
- Canberra District
- Tumbarumba
- Hilltops
- Gundagai
Where is Canberra District?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Tumbarumba?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
Where is Hilltops?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
Where in Gundagai?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
Where is the Western Plains zone?
New South Wales, Australia
Where is the Adelaide superzone?
South Australia, Australia
What are the zones of the Adelaide superzone?
- Barossa
- Fleurieu
- Mount Lofty Ranges
Where is the Barossa zone?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Barossa Valley?
Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Eden Valley?
Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
What are the regions of the Barossa zone?
- Barossa Valley
- Eden Valley
What is the subregion of Eden Valley?
High Eden
Where is High Eden?
Eden Valley, Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is the Fleurieu zone?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?
- Currency Creek
- Kangaroo Island
- Langhorne Creek
- McLaren Vale
- Southern Fleurieu
Where is Currency Creek?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Kangaroo Island?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Langhorne Creek?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is McLaren Vale?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Southern Fleurieu?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges?
- Adelaide Hills
- Adelaide Plains
- Clare Valley
Where is Adelaide Hills?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Lenswood?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Picadily Valley?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Adelaide Plains?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is Clare Valley?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
Where is the Far North zone?
South Australia, Australia
What is the sole region of the Far North ?
Southern Flinders Ranges
Where is Southern Flinders Ranges?
Far North, South Australia, Australia
Where is the Limestone Coast zone?
South Australia, Australia
What are the regions within the Limestone Coast zone?
- Coonawarra
- Mount Benson
- Padthaway
- Robe
- Wrattonbully
- Mount Gambier
Where is Coonawarra?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where is Mount Benson?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where is Padthaway?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where is Robe?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where is Wrattonbully?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where s Mount Gambier?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
Where is the Lower Murray zone?
South Australia, Australia
What is the sole region within the Lower Murray zone?
Riverland
Where is Riverland?
Lower Murray, South Australia, Australia
Where is The Peninsulas zone?
South Australia, Australia
What are the unofficial subregions of Northern Tasmania?
- Pipes River
- Tamar Valley
- North West Coast
Where is Pipes River?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Where is Tamar Valley?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Where is North West Coast?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
What are the unofficial subregions of Southern Tasmania?
- Derwent Valley
- Huon Valley
- Coal River/ Richmond
- The East Coast (Canbrook/Bicheno area)
Where is Derwent Valley?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Where is Huon Valley?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Where is Coal River/Richmond?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Where is The East Coast?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
