Porcine Flashcards
“Greasy Pig Disease”
Exudative Epidermitis
- Exudative epidermitis is a condition of young pigs caused by a Staphylococcal hyicus infection characterized by reddening of the skin and a greasy exudate that is frequently generalized.
- The bacteria can spread quickly with variable morbidity and mortality
Treatment & Management/Prevention of Exudative Epidermitis
“Greasy Pig Disease”
Swine Influenza Pneumonia
(H1N1)
- Like the regular flu, swine flu can lead to more serious problems including pneumonia, a lung infection, and other breathing problems
- “necrotizing bronchiolitis” in swine is almost pathognomonic for influenza infection.
- Although this is a viral infection, it is almost always complicated by secondary bacterial infections which contribute to the severity of the respiratory signs.
- Since there are no antiviral drugs approved (or allowed to be used) in pigs, symptomatic treatment (anti-inflammatory meds/aspirin) and water antibiotics (to control secondary bacterial infections) are the treatment of choice
Most common infectious agents causing diarrhoea in piglets
The most common infectious agents causing diarrhea in nursing piglets include:
- E. coli
- rotavirus
- transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE) - affects all ages
- Clostridium perfringens type C - highly fatal, necrohemorrhagic enteritis. It most commonly affects piglets 1–5 days old
- Isospora suis
Which of the following cells is the primary target for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection?
- alveolar macrophages
- PRRS virus has a high affinity for macrophages especially those in the lung.
- This is part of the reason the porcine immune system is compromised when infected with PRRS making them more susceptible to other pathogens.
Intussusceptions in Pigs
- Intussusceptions can occur in pigs infected with strongyles
- Pigs with intestinal obstructions usually have vomiting as a clinical sign, but no diarrhea. Usually, the obstructed pigs have no stool. They are usually tachycardic, restless, and show signs of colic
- Common causes of obstruction include peach pits lodged in the jejunum of pot bellied pigs, fibrous rings around the spiral colon or small intestine, and intussusception in pigs with strongyle (especially oesophagostomum) infections
- The treatment of choice for obstruction is surgery, otherwise ensure proper deworming protocols for the rest of the herd.
You identify a pig with skin lesions characteristic of Pityriasis rosea. What should you do next?
- Pityriasis rosea is a skin condition in pigs of unknown etiology. It is not a contagious condition and therefore pigs do not need to be separated from the rest of the herd.
- It is non-pruritic and resolves on itself with time.
- Almost all pigs fully recover with no effects on health or growth performance.
Length of pig oestrus cycle?
21 days
When do pigs reach puberty?
Time for first breeding?
How long is oestrus in a pig?
- 2-3 days
- Ovulation is 24-48 hours after the onset of oestrus
- may see them mounting other sows or have a decrease in appetite
- Optimal breeding time is 12-30 hours ater the onset of oestrus, maximum conception if done 12 hours prior to ovulation
- Heat stress tends to cause seasonal anestrus
- CL is not responsive to PGF-2a until after day 12 of cycle - so not useful to use PGF-2a to regulate their cycles like in the horse and cow
Reproductive Diseases of Pigs
(7)
PCVAD = Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease
Porcine Parvovirus
- vaccination can be used pre-breeding to both sows and gilts
- or feed them the ground up mummies :(
Leptospirosis in pigs
- treatment: chlortetracycline in feed
- can vaccinate for
PRRS
(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome)
- vaccine must match the exact strain you have - PRRS is an RNA virus that replicates often and mutates, the vaccine is not as effective as hoped
Brucellosis in Pigs
orchitis - inflammation of testicles
treatment and control: test and cull, zoonotic
Diseases that can cause abortions/stillbirhs in pigs
(7)
- influenza causes respiratory signs and fever but does not infect the fetuses
What is this?
egg of Ascaris suum
- This is a round worm and as part of its life cycle, it will migrate through the liver and cause characteristic “milk spots” which appear as subcapsular white spots on the liver.