2018-2019

Question 1

Calculi in Bladder

Answer 1

• Bladder stones, also called vesical calculus, or cystoliths, are caused by a buildup of minerals.
• They can occur if the bladder is not completely emptied after urination.
• Eventually, the leftover urine becomes concentrated and minerals within the liquid turn into crystals

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

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Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

Black walnut toxicity causes what condition in horses?

Answer 9

The correct answer is laminitis. Black walnuts contain Juglone (naphthoquinone) which results in laminitis. Do not use black walnuts for horse bedding.

Question 10

Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait in Arabian foals. Heterozygotes are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier rate for the genetic mutation is 8%, what is the expected frequency of Arabian foals that are homozygous for the mutated allele?

Answer 10

Question 11

Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds?

Answer 11

The correct answer is thiopental. Thiopental is an ultra-short acting barbiturate. Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues, including fat. Because sighthounds have very little fat, they have prolonged recoveries and greater complications with these drugs

Question 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Which of these nerve blocks is used to examine the eyes of a horse?

Answer 14

• The correct answer is auriculopalpebral nerve block. Blocking this branch of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) disrupts the motor innervation to the orbicularis oculi, which is the muscle that closes the eye. In the horse, this muscle is very strong and can prevent a thorough ocular exam.
• To perform this block, lidocaine is injected subcutaneously at the caudal aspect of the zygomatic arch where the nerve is palpable. Because this is a motor nerve, the eye will not be able to close as well, but there is no anesthesia of the tissue.