Population Structure and Migration Flashcards
What do population pyramids show?
Population structure
How will a population pyramid show high life expectancy?
Population pyramid goes very high up, age is high
How can a population pyramid show that women live longer than men, and vise versa?
One will go higher than the other
Why might a population pyramid have an indent at ages 75-85?
Low birth rate when they were born (WW1)
High death rate (WW2)
Why might there be more aged 25-50?
Baby boom after WW2
What does a narrow base mean?
Low birth rate
What’s the population pyramid for stage 1 of the DTM?
High birth rate and death rate
Low life expectancy
What’s the population pyramid for stage 2 of the DTM?
High birth rate, falling death rate
Long life expectancy
Population explosion
What’s the population structure for stage 3 of the DTM?
Falling birth rate and death rate
More people live to be elderly
What’s the population structure for stage 4 of the DTM?
Low birth rate and death rate
High life expectancy, lots of elderly people
What’s the population structure for stage 5 of the DTM?
Birth rate drops below death rate
Population declines
Increasing number of elderly
Define migration
Movement of people between or within countries
Define immigration
Movement of people into a country
Define emigration
Movement of people out of a country
What 3 ways can migration affect the population pyramid?
Internal migration
Emigration away from countries at later DTM stages
Immigration into countries at later DTM stages
How does internal migration affect a countries population structure?
Migration from rural to urban areas affects number of working people, rural-urban migration
Can affect birth rate as migrants are of reproductive ages
How does emigration away from a country at later DTM stages affect a countries population structure?
Decrease the population of the country they’ve left
E.g. elderly people in the UK retiring and moving elsewhere, decreases UK population, increases other countries population
How does immigration into countries at later DTM stages affect a countries population structure?
Increases population of people of working and reproductive age, increases population of young people and BR
What causes migration?
Push and pull factors
Define push factors
Things that make people want to move out of the place they’re in
Negative
E.g. lack of jobs, disease, war
Define pull factors
Things that attract people to a new place
Positive
E.g. better jobs, better living conditions
What two things affect migration?
Obstacles and opportunities
Define obstacles
Things at make migration more difficult
E.g. Cost of moving
Define opportunities
Opportunities individuals encounter which stop them from reaching their intended destination
E.g. Polish going to Ireland for work, stop in London as there are plenty of jobs there
Define population structure
The number or % of males and females in different age groups within a population
