Popualtion Change Basics and The DTM Flashcards
Define fertility rate
The average number of children a women will have between the ages of 15 and 44
Define infant mortality rate
The number of children (out of every 1000 born alive) who die before their first birthday
Define life expectancy
The average age a person can expect to live
Define migration rate
The difference between the number of people who migrate in and the number of people who migrate out per 100,000 of the population, per year
Define population density
The number of people per square kilometre
Total population / size of the area
Define natural change
The change in population because of the difference between birth rate and death rate
Define zero growth rate
Population isn’t increasing or decreasing (BR=DR)
What does the Demographic Transition Model show?
How the population of a country changes over time through five stages
Shows changes in birth rate, death rate and total population
Characteristics of stage 1 of the DTM
Birth rate and death rate are high and fluctuating
Population remains stable but low
Rainforest tribes, Brazil
Why is BR high in stage 1 of the DTM?
No birth control or family planning
Poor education
High infant mortality - people have many children to replace those who died
Why is DR high in stage 1 of the DTM?
Poor healthcare, sanitation and diet - diseases and starvation
Also causes low life expectancy
Characteristics of stage 2 of the DTM
High BR, DR falls
Population increases rapidly
Afghanistan
Why is BR high in stage 2 of the DTM?
Little birth control or family planning
Poor education
Large families needed to work e.g. on farms
Why does DR fall in stage 2 of the DTM?
Life expectancy increases because of improved healthcare, sanitation and diet
Characteristics of stage 3 of the DTM
Rapid fall in BR, steady fall in DR
Population increases at a slower rate
Egypt
Why does BR decrease in stage 3 of the DTM?
Increased use of birth control and family planning
Improvements in education
Economy moves towards manufacturing - fewer children needed to work
Characteristics of stage 4 of the DTM
Low BR, low DR - fluctuating at a low level
Population remains stable but high
UK
Why does BR stay low in stage 4 of the DTM?
Increased access and demand for luxuries and holidays - less money available for having children
Characteristics of stage 5 of the DTM
BR drops below DR
Population begins to decrease
Japan
Why does BR decrease at stage 5 of the DTM?
Children are expensive to raise, many people have dependant elderly relatives, people choose not to have children
Why does DR stay steady at stage 5 of the DTM?
More elderly people so more people die of old age despite advantages in health care
Define birth rate
The number of live births per 1000 people, per year
Define death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 people, per year
