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Ecology > Population Lecture Genetics > Flashcards

Population Lecture Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

If some conditions are met (random mating, no mutations, no genetic drift) the
frequency of alleles are expected to follow

A

Hardy-Weinberg

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2
Q

f one knows the frequency of the ____ phenotype then the frequency
of both alleles can be estimated

A

Recessive

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3
Q

3 Types of selections when looking at population

A

Sabalizing, Directional, Disruptive

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4
Q

Selection against the extremes

A

Satablizing

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5
Q

selection against one extreme or the other

A

Directional

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6
Q

Selection against the mean

A

Distruptive

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6
Q

Traits not under selection can undergo a change in frequency due to
random chance This is called?

A

Genetic Drift

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6
Q

Genetic drift can be influence by 2 things _____ and _____

A

Founder effect and bottle neck effect

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7
Q

Genetic Drift has the most influence with _____ populations

A

Small

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7
Q

Genetic drift in small populations increase______

A

inbeeding

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8
Q

the genome of the individuals that found the population may be “radically”
different from the larger population

A

Founder effect

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9
Q

This reduces genetic diversity of future generations because many alleles
are lost in the ____ and can lead to rapid speciations in isolated populations

A

Bottle neck

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10
Q

the idea that the genome of individuals can be traced back
to a common ancestor, the first of the population or species to carry that form of
the gene (mitochondrial Eve)

A

Coalesecent Theory

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11
Q

Three general distribution types amongst populations

A

Uniform, Random, Clumped

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12
Q

___distributions are characteristic of territorial species
or large canopy trees

A

Uniform

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13
Q

___the area that an individual moves through during its regular
activities, may or may not be defended from other individuals

A

Home Range

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14
Q

______area that is defended by an individual from other individuals of the
same sex or species

A

Territory

15
Q

Why are some species more territorial?

A

Limits on resources, clumped

16
Q

______is expected when the limiting resource is not clumped
or defendable and there is little to no aggression among individual

A

Random

17
Q

An example could be rodents in a pasture, limiting resource may be food, but
it is widely and evenly distributed

A

Example of random distribution

18
Q

_______expected when resource also is highly clumped
Resource not easily defendable may be aggression among individuals, but
not enough to cause territoriality

A

Clumped distribution

19
Q

Two types of dispersal of animas which are

A

Natal and Breeding dispersal

20
Q

movement of young away from its birth population

A

Natal dispersal

21
Q

movement of breeding adults to new populations for purpose
of mating

A

Breeding

22
Q

If multiple populations are linked by dispersal they are considered to
be a

A

Metapopulation

23
Q

Factors that affect connectivity between populations are .???

A

Distance, Size of patch, Suitability of the matrix

24
Q

___the closer two populations are the more flow there will
be between populations

A

Distance

25
Q

_____Larger patches will have higher connectivity, especially
true if patches are far apart

A

Size of patch

26
Q

_____he habitat in between patches (or populations

A

Matrix

27
Q

If the matrix is a ________ habitat then movement will be high (may be
individuals that live in the matrix)

If the matrix is ______ mixing will be low

A

Marginal, Harsh

28
Q

_____patches that produce an excess of offspring
does not necessarily mean growing population
rather that in situ reproduction exceeds mortality

A

Source Habitats

29
Q

_____patches that do not produce enough off spring
to maintain the population
would go extinct if immigrants did not move into the population

A

Sink Habitats

30
Q

We would expect to observe a clumped distribution when
A)resources are distributed evenly across the landscape
B) a species is highly territorial
C) resources are scattered in isolated areas
D)there are no limiting resources

A

C

31
Q

Sink habitats are valuable because
A)they increase total population size
B)they increase genetic diversity
C) they provide a “rescue” habitat

D) all of the above

A

D

32
Q

Patches within a metapopulation will be most highly connected when they are

A)close together
B)relatively small
C)connected by very poor habitat
D)all of the above

A

A

33
Q

Small populations are particularly sensitive to
A)genetic drift
B) inbreeding
C) genetic bottlenecks
D)all of the above

A

D

34
Q

Selection against the mean the results in a bimodal allele distribution
A) directional selection
B)disruptive selection
C) stabilizing selection
D)destabilizing selection

A

B

35
Q
A
35
Q

Change in allele frequency that is not due to selection
A)Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
B)genetic bottleneck
C) artifical selection
D) genetic drift

A

D

35
Q
A
36
Q
A

Ecology (4 decks)

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