Population Behavior

Question 1

Behavior is _____

Answer 1

Learned

Question 2

Some behavior is _____

Answer 2

Heritable

Question 3

The basics are that the animal must gain more energy than the risk
involved and the time spent foraging when it could be doing other things

This is called

Answer 3

Foraging Behavior

Question 4

Type 1 predators are

Answer 4

Sedentary

Question 5

Type 2 predators….

Answer 5

Stay within its patch at very low densities

Question 6

Type 3 predators

Answer 6

require moderate prey density to stay in the patch

Question 7

are the catch all for everything else that the individual
could be doing
It could be defending a territory, finding a mate, nursing young etc.
While the predation risk is basically the same among all individuals MOC
varies among individuals

Answer 7

Missed Opportunity Cost

Question 8

_____sperm is “cheap” therefore a male can produce copious amounts
and the goal of a male is to inseminate as many females as possible

Answer 8

Males

Question 9

____eggs are expensive and females produce a limited number of
them, so every egg is important, a female is driven by making every egg
count

Answer 9

Females

Question 10

one male one female

Answer 10

Monogamy

Question 11

more than one female per male

Answer 11

Polygygny

Question 12

_____if resources are highly clumped and
defendable then there are limited areas capable of reproduction, therefore
a female is better off “sharing” the male to benefit from the territory
Male dominance—one or a few males actively suppress the reproduction of other
males

Answer 12

Reason for Polygyny

Question 13

Skewed sex ratio—many more males than females, so each female is very
valuable for the male, he is better off defending that female
Reproduction is so expensive for the females that they “have” to have help
Resources scattered and not defendable

Answer 13

Reasons for Monogamy

Question 14

Male dominance polygyny leads to ____ males with the secondary sexual
characteristics of females

Answer 14

Sneakers

Question 15

_____have offspring once (e.g., salmon or annual plants)—produce
as many offspring as possible

Answer 15

Semilparous

Question 16

____have more than one litter

Answer 16

Iteroparous

Question 17

_____-the clutch size (number of offspring) should
be the size that maximizes the highest number of viable offspring

Answer 17

Lacks hypothesis

Question 18

______parents must balance the costs of current
reproduction with the benefits of future reproduction

Answer 18

Williams hypothesis

Question 19

bees, naked mole rats etc. One breeding female with workers
Why social groups?
Benefits—increased vigilance, increased ability to find food
Costs—increased susceptibility to disease, easy for predators to find
But sociality also can lead to complications, one cannot only look out
for number one

Answer 19

Eusocial

Question 20

______are those that provide benefit to other individuals at a
cost to the individual performing the behavior

Answer 20

Alturistic behaviors “Yipping prarie dogs”

Question 21

Monogamy is expected to arise when
A)resources are clumped and defendable
B) females are the limiting breeding resource
C) male dominance hierarchy increase testosterone levels
nest sites are clumped and limiting
D)all of the above

Answer 21

B

Question 22

An animal that reproduces only once in its life is
A)hemiparous
B) semilparous
C)iteroparous
D) homoparou

Answer 22

B

Question 23

The Prisoner’s Dilemma game suggests altruism only when
A)the cost of altruism is high
B)relatedness of individuals are included
C)the game is played repeatedly
D) trick question: the game never predicts altruism

Answer 23

C

Question 24

A foraging animal must repeatedly assess the value of remaining in a patch because
A)the risk of predation increases over time
B)the amount of energy available in the patch decreases as the animal forages
C) the missed opportunity costs decrease with time
D)the individual must compete with other individuals in the patch

Answer 24

B

Question 25

An increase in litter size (offspring number) often is associated with
A) an increase in fitness
B) a decrease in the quality of offspring
C) an increase in the quality of offspring
D) an increase in litter size in future generations

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Many paleontologists think that at least some Dinosaurs were brightly colored, based on what we have learned which of the following would be most likely
A)males were brightly colored to attract females
B)females were brightly colored to attract males
C) both sexes were similarly colored as a warning of their ferocity
D) there was no consistent pattern in Dinosaur coloration

Answer 26

A