Population Growth And Change Flashcards
What is birth rate?
A number of babies born in one year compared to every 1000 people in a country.
What is death rate?
Number of deaths in a country for every 1000 people in one year.
How is the population growth rate affected?
It is affected by the number of people who permanently leave or come to live in a country.
What does it mean if the birth rate is 15?
It means that for every 1000 people, 15 babies were born in one year.
What happens if the death rate is 10?
It means that for every 1000 people, 10 people died in one year.
What is the population growth rate?
The population growth rate is the difference between the birth rate and death rate in a country (birth rate - death rate = population growth rate).
What is an infant?
A Baby younger than one year old.
What is a mortality?
A death.
What is infant mortality?
The number of babies that die before they reach the age of one.
How do we measure the infant mortality rate?
As the number of deaths per thousand births.
What is average life expectancy?
The average number of years people in an area or country can expect to live.
What is life expectancy?
The average age people in a given population can expect to live.
What was the average life expectancy in 2012?
62, each country has a different life expectancy.
What is a factor?
Things that influence what happens.
What is diarrhea?
A symptom of an illness that causes a running tummy.
What is an epidemic?
A disease that spreads quickly across a large area or country.
What is a pandemic?
A disease that spreads across many countries.
What is AIDS?
“Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome”; the final stage of the HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system.
What is HIV?
“Human Immuno Deficiency Virus” a disease that attacks the immune system.
Is there a cure for HIV and AIDS?
No,but HIV-positive people can take medicines which help them to live for many years.
What factors can affect birth and death rates?(5)
Disease Economic status Family needs Attitudes and beliefs Conflict and wars and government policy
True or False
Diseases such as HIV, TB and Cholera kill millions of people every year.
True
In some countries the ____ mortality rate is high because babies die of diseases that cause diarrhea.
Infant
True or false
Diseases affect life expectancy.
True
Disease ____ can cause the death rate in country to rise.
Epidemics
True or false
Cholera is an example of a modern pandemic.
False, HIV is.
How many people have died from HIV?
25 million people
How many people were affected by HIV and AIDS in 2010?
36 Million
True or false
1/3 of the people infected by HIV live in Africa.
False, 2/3.
True or false
Countries with a high percentage of people infected with HIV and AIDS often have a high death rate.
True
True or false
Scientists suggest the worlds population would have been 2 billion more by now if there was no HIV and AIDS.
False, One billion more.
What is a parasite?
A plant of animal that lives on or in another living thing and usually harms it.
What are insect repellents?
Chemicals that keep insects away.
What is TB?
Tuberculosis, and it is a disease that affects a person’s lungs.
What happens when someone with TB coughs or sneezes?
The air is filled with tiny droplets that contain the TB bacteria and if another person breathes in these droplets, he or she will be infected with TB.
True or false
Next to HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis kills more people in the world more than any other disease.
True
How many people died from TB in 2014?
1,4 Million people.
With proper _____, two of every ____ people who have TB will die.
Treatment
Three
What are the two main reasons for the spread of TB any why?
Poverty- because poor people often live in overcrowded conditions without access to good healthcare. Diseases spread easily.
HIV- people with HIV often get TB because their bodies are very weak.
About ____ people out of every 100 000 people in South Africa are infected by TB.
900
Can TB be prevented and cured with medicines?
Yes
How is malaria spread?
By a type of parasite that is spread by certain kinds of mosquitoes.
What happens when a mosquito with malaria bites a person?
It puts the malaria parasite into that person’a blood.
The malaria parasite first enters and multiplies inside the ____, before entering the blood system where it multiplies further.
Liver
___ percent of the world’s population live where malaria is now increasing after having been reduced.
29
Most people who die from malaria are _____.
Children.
How can you prevent malaria?
By sleeping under mosquito nets, and using insect repellent and preventative medication like prophylaxis.
Can mosquitoes pass it on to other mosquitoes?
Yes
How many children in Africa die every day from diarrhea?
2000
What is a symptom of gastroenteritis?
Diarrhea
How can gastroenteritis be caused?
By a viral or bacterial infection.
What does gastroenteritis do?
Causes the body to lose important liquids and minerals and if these minerals are not replaced children can die.
Why do diarrhea epidemics happen more in poor areas?
Because the water ain’t safe and there are no proper toilets.
How can diarrhea be prevented?
By boiling all drinking water.
How can diarrhea be treated?
By giving the sick person a drink made from water, sugar and salt.
Name the process for making a drink for a person with diarrhea:
1 liter clean water.
6 level spoons of sugar.
1/2 level spoon of salt.
Disease epidemics and pandemics of ____,___ and ___ have wiped out millions of people in the past.
Smallpox
Cholera
Flu
What was the most serious pandemic in history?
The Black Death that swept across Europe in the 1350’s.
What is the real name for the Black Death?
The Bubonic Plague
How was the Bubonic Plague spread?
By fleas that lived on rats.
What happened to people infected by The Bubonic Plague?
They got sores all over their bodies and before they died parts of their bodies would turn black.
True or false
Bubonic Plague affected different parts of the world at different times in the past.
True
How much Europe’s population did the Bubonic Plague kill?
Half which was about 100 million people.
Was there a cure for the Bubonic Plague?
No, people either survived or they died a horrible and painful death.
What is a blister?
A small, fluid filled bubble on the skin.
What is a fever?
A raised body temperature.
How did small pix arrive in the cape?
They arrived in a ship containing sheets infected with smallpox. Nobody knew the sheets contained smallpox so the local workers took the sheets to their village to wash them. 12 days later the workers and their families began to fall ill. The infected people got blisters on their body and developed fevers and became weak.
The disease spread ____ across the Cape. Large numbers of the sick people died. This was the first smallpox ____ in Southern Africa.
Rapidly
Epidemic
Is there still smallpox today?
No, luckily for us there is no smallpox in the world today. Scientists have wiped out the virus that causes the disease.
What is an economic status?
How rich or poor people are.
Richer people usually have ____ children than poor people.
Fewer
Why do people in poor communities have more children?
So that the children can work on the land or in the cities when they grow up.
Infant mortality rates are often ___ in poor communities, so poor people have large families to make sure they have enough children to survive.
High
Parents in wealthier communities spend _ ____ of money raising their children.
A lot
What is the average cost of raising a child in America from 0-18 years?
$230 000 about two million rand.
Both parents must have jobs to pay for the high cost of raising their children in ___ communities.
Rich
The high cost of raising a child keeps families _____.
Small
What two things put pressure on parents to have smaller families?
Rising food prices and transport costs.
Why do people usually live longer in richer countries?
Because their is more access to health care and the health care is better.
What is the effect of better healthcare in communities?
Lower death rates.
What is a pension?
The money you get from the government when you are no longer able to work.
What is family planning?
Methods people usually use to stop getting pregnant, such as contraceptive injection or pill.
Between 1900 and 2000 how many people died as a result of war?
Approximately 160 Million people.
What is a civilian?
People in a country who are not soldiers.
What is government policy?
Plans and laws made by governments and aims to change people’s behavior.
What is population?
The number of people living in an area.
The world’s population was _____ in 2011.
Seven Billion
What are the greatest populations?
India,South America,China and other parts of Asia.
How much does the world’s population increase by every year?
50 Million, which is about the same as the South Africa’s current population.
