Population Geography

Question 1

Carrying Capacity

Answer 1

Max population size of species that environment can sustain indefinitely with available food + water

Question 2

overpopulation

Answer 2

occurs when # of people exceeds capacity of environment to support life at decent standard of living

Question 3

Demography

Answer 3

study of population characteristics

Question 4

Where is most of population clustered

Answer 4

1) 2/3rd of world population in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia
2) Mainly in low-lying areas with fertile soil + temperate climate
3) Africa also has large clusters along West Coast + East Coast
4) Largest Cluster in Western Hemisphere is Northeast US + Southeast Canada

Question 5

Where do humans avoid clustering

Answer 5

1) in regions that are too dry, too wet, too cold, too mountainous

Question 6

Ecumene

Answer 6

Area with permanent human occupationA

Question 7

Arithmetic Density

Answer 7

Total # objects in an area

Question 8

Physiological Density

Answer 8

1) # of people per area of certain type of land
2) arable land = land suited for agriculture
3) # of people per unit of arable land - physiological density

Question 9

Agricultural density

Answer 9

1) Ratio of farmers to amount of arable land
2) Developed countries = low agricultural density

Question 10

Natural Increase Rate

Answer 10

1) Percentage by which population grows in a year, ~1.2%
2) most natural increase in developing countries

Question 11

Doubling Time

Answer 11

1) time in years needed for population to double

Question 12

Crude Birth Rate

Answer 12

Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 alive people

Question 13

Total Fertility Rate

Answer 13

kids a woman would have throughout childbearing years (15-49)

Question 14

Infant mortality Rate

Answer 14

annual number of deaths of infants under one year compared to total live births

Question 15

Crude Death Rate

Answer 15

1) Total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society
2) Lower in developing countries
3) Variation (especially between developing + developed countries) is due to demographic transition

Question 16

Demographic Transition

Answer 16

4 Stage model that a population will transition through
1) Low Growth
2) High Growth
3) Moderate Growth
4) Low Growth

Question 17

2 big breaks in demographic transition

Answer 17

1) Tech innovation –> led to sudden drop in death rate (accomplished everywhere)
2) Changing social customs –> sudden drop in birth rates (not yet achieved in many countries)

Question 18

Stage 1 Low Growth

Answer 18

1) Very high CBR, CDR, low NIR
2) Majority of human history in stage 1
3) Now, no countries in stage 1

Question 19

Stage 2: High Growth

Answer 19

1) Still high CBR, rapidly decline CDR, very high NIR
2) Occurred bc of IR in developed countries + in developing countries bc of medical revolution
3) med revolution = med tech invented in US + Europe given to developing countries

Question 20

Stage 3 Moderate Growth

Answer 20

1) Rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR
2) Birth dramatically drops BUT country still growing since birth>death
3) Most people live in cities, work in offices, have fewer children (decline in mortality)
4) Most developed countries are in stage 3

Question 21

Stage 4 Low Growth

Answer 21

1) Zero Population Growth = stage 4 countries
2) Very low CBR, low or slightly increasing CDR, 0 or negative NIR
3) social norms = women tend to enter labor force rather than being full-time homemakers + have more access to birth control
4) Denmark is in stage 4

Question 22

Possible Stage 5

Answer 22

1) declining NIR, increasing CDR, very low CBR
2) very old overall population
3) CDR unlikely to reduce unless discover cure to cancer or something that affects old
4) examples = Japan
5) Inverted population pyramid

Question 23

Population Pyramid

Answer 23

Shows age distribution (males and females) in a society

Question 24

Lowering CBR through education

Answer 24

1) More educated women –> learn employment skills + gain economic control over lives
2) Women would make better choices + select contraception
3) Lead to child immunization + ensure higher infant survival + lead to family-planning

Question 25

Lowering CBR through contraception

Answer 25

1) developing countries = greater demand than supply
2) most effective way to increase use = distribute cheaply + quickly

Question 26

Where do population concentrate

Answer 26

1) Low lying areas
2) fertile soils
3) temperate climates
4) near oceans + rivers to trade with

Question 27

population triangles

Answer 27

1) Stage 1 = weird squatty triangle
2) Stage 2 = equilateral triangle
3) Stage 3 = equilateral triangle on top of rectangle (young population)
4) Stage 4 = flares in middle (more middle aged people)
5) Flared at top (chinese fan)