Population genetics Flashcards
What is population genetics ?
Genetic differences within and among populations
Name the 4 concepts included in population genetics
- Adaptation
- Speciation
- Genetic drift
- Population structure
Define population
Group of interbreeding indivdiuals of the same species and that live in a defined geographic area
Define evolution
Change in heritable traits in a population over successive generations
(genetic level def : change in genotype frequencies)
Name all the concepts that evolution can be caused by
- Selection
- Mutation
- Migration
- Drift
- Assortative mating
Define migration
Movement of organisms between populations and that can result in gene flow
Define drift
random changes in the frequencies of two or more alleles (or genotypes) within a population
Define assortative mating
Non-random mating based on a specific phenotype
* does not necessarily change allele frequencies
true or false : drift is present in all population
true
Is the effect of drift stronger in large or small populations ?
Small populations
What’s the difference between microevolution and macroevolution ?
Microevolution : evolutionary change within populations of a species
Macroevolution : Evolutionary events leading to the emergence of new species/taxons
Name the criteria needed for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be true
population that is/has:
- Infinitely large
- Randomly mating
- No mutation
- No selection
- No migration
- No drift
What are the 3 important consequences of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ?
- Dominant traits do no necessarily increase from one generation to the next (because delirious mutant traits will be selected out of the population)
- Genetic variability can be maintained in a population (since alelle frequencies remain unchanged)
- Knowing the frequency of juste one genotype enables us to calculate the frequencies of all other genotypes at that locus
