Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
Difference between somatic and germ cells ?
Somatic cells: diploid (2n), undergo mitosis
Germ cells : diploid (2n) cells that enter meiosis to produce haploid gametes (n)
True or false : during cell division, organelles divide in two
True
Difference between meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis creates 2 genetically identical daughter cells
Meiosis creates 4 daughter cells that each have half the number of chromosomes as the original mother cell (diploid –> haploid)
Differentiate the first and second meiosis
meiosis 1 is reductional : reduces the chromosome number by half (separation of the homologous chromosomes)
meiosis 2 is equational : conserves the chromosome number (separation of the sister chromatids)
Name the stages of mitosis
- G2 of interphase
- Prophase
- metaphase
- Anaphase
- telophase
- Cytokinesis
True or false : during mitosis, the daughter cells will have a different genotype from the mother cell
False
Name the stages of meiosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase and cytokinesis
The process is repeated twice
Which stages of meiosis tell you the 2n number ?
Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1or 2
How are recombinant chromosomes made ?
Intra-chromosomal recombination through crossing over during the prophase 1 of meiosis
What is formed between homologous chromosomes when they are crossing over ?
Chiasmata
What contributes to much of the genetic variation within a population of organisms ?
Crossing overs
What is inter-chromosomal recombination ?
when non homologous chromosomes exchange material
What formula is used to find how many combinations of chromosomes are possible in an organism’s gametes ?
2^n
Where n = the haploid number
How can you find the total number of possible zygotes when 2 gametes join ?
(2^n)^2
Square the number of different chromosome combinations for one gamete
True or false : both intra- and inter-chromosomal reocmbination are responsible for a huge amount of genetic variations
True
