Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Processes > Population ecology > Flashcards

Population ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Adaption

A

Evolutionary process whereby organisms become better suited to their environment over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Life histories

A

The role of the changing environments on events affects growth, survival, development and reprp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ultimate reasoning

A

Species occur through natural selection

Direct fitness - the number of offspring an individual produces relative to others in the pop

Indirect fitness - derives from shared genes with kin other than the individuals direct offspring

Inclusive fitness - the sum of direct and indirect fitness gains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proximate reasoning

A

Environmental factors

Biotic - other organisms:

Intra specific - competition within a species

Inter specific - competition with another species (predation/parasitism)

Abiotic - the environment

Includes water/temp/wind/weather/ light/salinity/pH

Impact of abiotic factors can be hard to differentiate - temp + humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ecological niche

A

The role and position a species has in its environment - how it meets its need for food and shelter - how it survives - how it reproduces - includes all interactions with abiotic and biotic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fundamental niche

A

The ideal role and position with the absence of other oganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Realised niche

A

The role and position with the presence of other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deterministic environmental change

A

Gradual shift - long term

slow changes from norm to the other

Predictable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acclimation and acclimatisation

A

Occurs in short period within organism lifetime

Process by which an individual organism adapts to gradual change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phenotypic plasticity

A

ability of organism to change phenotype in response to environment change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Migration

A

Moving away to avoid adverse condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hibernation

A

State of arrested development - allows organisms to survive periods of adverse conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

K selected life history

A

Produce a relatively low number of offspring over a longer period of time - high parental investment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stochastic environmental change

A

Highly unpredictable

Ephermal habitats - only available for short time

Catastrophic events - high levels of mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

r selected life histories

A

Populations that fluctuate in response to unpredictable changes in the environment

High growth rate

High number of offspring

minimal parental care

short lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

K type organism

A

Deterministic environmental change

More suited to stable environment

Long lifespan and low mortality rate

High offspring survival rate

17
Q

r type organisms

A

stochastic environmental change

Suited to unstable environment

reproduce early and abundantly - low survival rate of offspring

18
Q

Abundance

A

Number of individuals in a population

19
Q

Density

A

No of individuals per unit area/volume

20
Q

dispersion

A

Pattern of spacing between individuals in the population

21
Q

Aggregated distribution

A

Most common

Found in environments with patchy resources - animals clump around resources

Also clusters due to social factors

22
Q

Uniform distribution

A

Evenly spaced

Maximise space between individuals - usually due to comp for resources

Plants exhibit this

23
Q

Random distribution

A

Least common

occur in plants with dispersed seeds

24
Q

Exponential population growth

A

continuous growth

Reproduction occurs at any time

unlimited resources

25
Q

Geometric population growth

A

Seasonal reproduction

Unlimited resources

26
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Population size where growth stops

27
Q

K

A

The number of individuals that the environment can support

birth rate = death rate

28
Q

Density-independant factors

A

Effect on births and deaths in ways not related to the size of the population

Pollutants in the environment

Natural disasters

29
Q

Density-dependant factors

A

Effect births and deaths in ways directly related to population size

Competition for resources

Disease - transmission

Predation

Terratorality

All decrease pop when pop increase

30
Q

Regulation

A

Tendancy of a population to decrease or increase in size when it goes above or below a certain level

31
Q

Direct interactions

A

Predation - herbivory - cannibalism

32
Q

Indirect interactions

A

Common enemies - shared resource

33
Q

Mutualistic

A

Benefits both species

Cleaner fish

birds removing parasites

N fixation

1 or both species may be obligate - cannot survive without other

34
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits other unaffected

Unlikely to be completely neutral

Shark and amora - decrease in streamlining

35
Q

Competition

A

Both negatively affected

Inter and intra

temporal and spacial co-currance

Increase in intensity as density/phylogenetic similarity increases

Interference competition - direct competition between individuals - foraging - survival - reproduction

Exploitation comp - indirect - use of resource depletes the amount available to others

Apparent comp - indirect - w species preyed upon by same pred - increase in one increases pred pop - decrease in other

Contest comp = 1 species will monopolise - interference

Scramble comp - resource shared equally - less resource to go round - exploitation

Differences in niche allow co-existance

Bottom up control - limited resources

36
Q

Antagonism

A

One benefits - one disadvantaged

Parasitism, predation, herbivory, cannibalism

Pred is a major factor influencing diversity distribution and abundance

Major effect on evo time in changing phenotypes

Influences size of prey population - top down control

37
Q

Predator mediated co-existence

A

Predation allows more species to coexist as predate competitively dominant prey species

Life Processes (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions