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Biology Evolution > population ecology > Flashcards

population ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the equation fro population growth?

A

pop. growth = mean survival + mean recruitment

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2
Q

What is eco-evolution?

A

Population growth rate and phenotypic trait, change together

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3
Q

Why dont allele frequencies change forever?

A

Stabilising selection and Frequency- dependant selection

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4
Q

Response to environmental perturbation such as removing predator?

A

Phenotypic plasticity through developmental pathways = fast response
+ change in pop. size as diff. limiting factor

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5
Q

What 3 strategies does evolution maximise?

A

Detection, Acquisition (behaviour + morphology) and Utilisation (opt. life history)

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6
Q

What are 4 effects of removing predators of trinidian guppies?

A

larger, different diet and mouth shape, slower growing, MORE AGRESSIVE

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7
Q

What is a dispersal assumption made by most population studies?

A

That dispersal to and from population is negligable

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8
Q

Logic behind population genetics?

A

Which alleles and genotypes has highest mean fitness

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9
Q

Logic behind life history evolution

A

Which life history has highest mean fitness

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10
Q

What is the continuous time logistic equation ?

A

dN/dt = rN ((K-N)/K)

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11
Q

What is the discrete time logistic equation?

A

N(t+1)= meanS(t) + mean R(t)
OR
N(t+1) = Nt + rNt(K-Nt)/K

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12
Q

What is the logistic equation good at showing?

A

how Density-dependance can generate a range of population dynamics patterns

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13
Q

Why is logistic equation no good at showing population dynamics in the field?

A

As birth and death rates fluctuate AND carrying capacity flucutates

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14
Q

How is sea otter spatial and temporal diet variation analysed?

A

Analyse chemical composition of hair (basal to proximal)

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15
Q

What is predicted to happen in population separated in space but not climate?

A

Similar pop. dynamics- not perfect e.g. species variation

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16
Q

What factor can increase synchrony between populations?

A

Dispersal

17
Q

What is a metapopulation?

A

a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level.

18
Q

What is the equation of Levin’s metapopulation model?

A

dn/dt = cn (1-n) - en

= change in fraction of occupied patches with time

19
Q

What are 4 considerations in Levin’s metapopulation model?

A

1- patch size variation
2- distance between patches variation
3- diff. pop. dynamics in diff. patches
4- env. variation across patches

20
Q

What are the 3 vital rates of life hisotry?

A

survival, development and reproduction

21
Q

What is iteroparous fecundity?

A

reach sexual maturity earlier and reproduce multiple times

22
Q

What is Semelparous fecudity?

A

BIG BANG- reproduce loads at once

23
Q

What are the 2 types of matrix population models?

A

Leslie (age) and Lefkovitch (stage or size)

24
Q

What are the 2 methods for calculating population growth rate?

A

1- brute force method- chain rule

2- analystical solution- dominant eigenvalue

25
Q

What can the stable equilibrium be used to calculate?

A

reproductive rate as there is a stage stage distribution

26
Q

What are the 2 types of tradeoff?

A

intragenerational and intergenerational

27
Q

What is r-K selection?

A 
r= extract resources fast but inefficiently = LOW DENSITY DEPENDANCE
K= extract resources slow but efficiently = HIGH DENSITY DEPENDANCE
28
Q

What does Tulja’s small noise approximation penalise the buffering-lability continuum?

A

variability of vital rates

29
Q

How are values estimated more matrices in the field?

A

capture mark release

30
Q

How do they do capture mark release with guppies in the field?

A

Tattoo coloured dots on them

31
Q

What is senescence?

A

process of deterioration with age.

32
Q

What 3 values can you calculate from matrix models?

A

pop. growth rate
stable pop. structure
sensitivities

33
Q

Example of sensitivities used in conservation

A

turtle conservation- rotect nesting beaches or deter adults from getting caught in nets?- most effective strategy (nets)

Biology Evolution (5 decks)

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