Population eco

Question 1

Population of the Philippines is ______as of May 20, 2023- Worldometer elaboration of the latest UN data.

Answer 1

113,771,856

Question 2

The Philippines, __ of the world’s flora and ranks ___worldwide in terms of number of plant species. Ranks ____ worldwide in bird endemism.

Answer 2

5%; fifth; fourth

Question 3

We measure this with themortality rate(also called the death rate).

Answer 3

death

Question 4

This is the permanent movement of individuals out of a population.

Answer 4

emigration

Question 5

This is the permanent arrival of new individuals into the population.

Answer 5

immigration

Question 6

The way we measure additions of this type is with the natality rate (also called the birth rate)

Answer 6

birth

Question 7

A group of individuals of the same species that live within a particular area and interact with one another.

Answer 7

population

Question 8

The study population in relation to environment, including environmental influences density, distribution, age structure and abundance.

Answer 8

population ecology

Question 9

In species that reproduce ____, a population might be defined as the group of individuals that interact by interbreeding.

Answer 9

sexually

Question 10

In species that reproduce ___, a population must be defined by other kinds of interactions, such as competition for common sources of food.

Answer 10

asexually

Question 11

the number of individuals in the population

Answer 11

Population size

Question 12

the number of individuals per unit of area.

Answer 12

Population density

Question 13

, geographic area where individuals of a species occur.

Answer 13

Distribution

Question 14

the number of individuals of a species that are found in a given area

Answer 14

Abundance

Question 15

Distribution and abundance change over ___and ____

Answer 15

time, space

Question 16

Pattern of spacing of individuals within the boundaries of the population

Answer 16

dispersion

Question 17

most common dispersion
Usually because of resources
Humans

Answer 17

Clumped

Question 18

type of dispersion where:
Interactions between the individuals in the population
Territoriality

Answer 18

Uniform

Question 19

type of dispersion:
Inconsistent
Plants – windblown seeds

Answer 19

Random

Question 20

Relative number of individuals at each age group
Used to project future population growth
“pyramid” shaped

Answer 20

Age structure

Question 21

Greater number of _______ means greater potential for growth.

Answer 21

young individuals

Question 22

Shows the number of individuals alive during each stage of life

Answer 22

survivorship curve

Question 23

type of survivorship curve:

few offspring
Low death rates at beginning of life
Lots of parental care

Answer 23

Type I

Question 24

type of survivorship curve:

medium offspring
Consistent death rate at all age groups

Answer 24

Type II

Question 25

type of survivorship curve: lots offspring High death rates at beginning of life Little or no parental care

Answer 25

Type III

Question 26

____, describes populations that increase in numbers without any limits to their growth. (J-shaped curve)

Answer 26

Exponential growth

Question 27

________, introduces limits to reproductive growth that become more intense as the population size increases. (S-shaped curve)

Answer 27

Logistic growth

Question 28

– increases continually without limiting factors – assumes resources are unlimited

Answer 28

Exponential Model

Question 29

A _____refers to any of the factors (variables) in an environment capable of limiting a process, such as the growth, abundance, or distribution of a population of organisms in an ecosystem.

Answer 29

limiting factor 

Question 30

What category of limiting factor? Birth rate and death rate change with population size The larger the population gets the more competition Resources Territoriality Disease Predation Toxic waste (metabolic) Intrinsic Factors

Answer 30

Density Dependent Factors

Question 31

What category of limiting factor? Size of the population does not effect the birth rate or death rate _____ – will occur regardless of population size

Answer 31

Density Independent Factors Natural disasters

Question 32

_____ – account for limiting factors and limited resources

Answer 32

Logistic Model

Question 33

_____ – the number of individuals that can occupy the habitat (K)

Answer 33

Carrying Capacity

Question 34

________ Maximum growth rate below carrying capacity

Answer 34

r – selected

Question 35

Maximizes population size at or near carrying capacity

Answer 35

k – selected

Question 36

Determined by the tradeoff between birth rate and survival probability

Answer 36

reproduction

Question 37

– 1 single large reproductive effort Harsh environments Low survival rate for long periods of time Insects, annual plants, salmon

Answer 37

Semelparity

Question 38

– multiple smaller reproductive effort Occurs in organisms that survive for long periods of time once established Mammals, perennial plants

Answer 38

Iteroparity

Question 39

—when two organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.

Answer 39

Competition

Question 40

—involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat.

Answer 40

Niche

Question 41

—one organism captures and feeds on another organism 1. ______—one that does the killing 2. ______—one that is the food

Answer 41

Predation Predator Prey

Question 42

______—any relationship in which two species live closely together 1. ______—both species benefit (WIN-WIN) a. Ex: insects and flowers

Answer 42

Symbiosis Mutualism

Question 43

—one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. (WIN-0)

Answer 43

Commensalism

Question 44

—one organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it.

Answer 44

Parasitism