behavioral eco Flashcards
are defined as actions in response to stimuli, and almost all organisms exhibit some form of behavior.
Behaviors
Behavioral traits are an important part of an animal’s _____.
phenotype
Behavior is shaped by ____
natural selection
are genetically inherited by an organism from its parents.
Innatebehaviors
____ are not inherited. They develop during an organism’s experience and environmental influence.
Learnedbehaviors
-how the behavior arises in animals. (hereditary, developmental, structural, cognitive, psychological, and physiological aspects of behavior).
Proximate causes
-the evolutionary history and functional utility of the behavior.
Ultimate causes
- focuses on the behaviors of diverse organisms in their natural environment.
ETHOLOGY
______ is an extension of work done in human psychology. It focuses largely on a few species studied in a lab setting.
Comparative psychology
is the research field that views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the natural ecological conditions of animals.
Behavioral ecology
a type ofnatural selectionthat acts collectively on all members of a given group.
group selection
Refers to idea that natural selection sometimes acts on whole groups of organisms, favoring some groups over others, leading to the evolution of traits that are group-advantageous.
group selection
A behavior that enhanced the fitness of other individuals in the population by engaging in activities that decrease their own reproductive success.
altruism
______involves signals that can be seen. Examples of these signals include gestures, facial expressions, body postures, and coloration.
Visual communication
-communication based on sound
-use sounds to convey warnings, attract mates, defend territories, and coordinate group behaviors.
auditory
are more limited in range than the other types of signals, as two organisms must be right next to each other in order to touch.
Tactile signals
A __is a secreted chemical signal used to trigger a response in another individual of the same species.
pheromone
– provide simple, digital – yes or no, on or off – kinds of information
Discrete Signals
– falls along a continuum of intensity or complexity, and their variability allows the signaler to provide riche, analog information. Can be transmitted in many ways
Graded Signals
____is fundamental to the lives of animals.
Searching for wild foods. It affects the fitness because plays an important role in an animal’s ability to survive and reproduced.
Foraging
A variety of foraging in which animals, find, capture and consume their prey alone.
Individuals can manually exploit patches or they can use tools to exploit their prey
Solitary Foraging
Animals, find, capture and consume their prey alone with the presence of other individuals.
A group of predators work together to isolate one or few animals from a larger group
Group Foraging
It is a process in which individuals with certain characteristics gain an advantage over others of the same sex solely with respect to mating success.
Sexual Selection
refers to the number of mating partners that males or females have and the pattern of parental care.
Mating system
