applied eco Flashcards
is a branch of ecology that uses ecology concepts to address current issues involving natural resources and human well-being.
Applied ecology
Refers to a group of organisms of the same kind or species living in the same place at the same time.
population
It is the change in a population over time.
Population Growth
The change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using “per unit time” for measurement.
Population Growth
- is the full or large scale removal of a forest, or area of trees, in order to clear land for human development.
Deforestation
occurs when upper layers of soil are removed from their original location in the process that is either slow and goes unnoticed for long periods of time or can be sudden and cause immediate damage
Soil erosion
- It is the introduction of chemicals, particulates, and biological matter in air, soil, water, or food which threatens the health of human, animal and plant life.
Pollution
are common cause of water pollution
Pesticides
It is the increase in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere due to greenhouse gasses.
global warming
“___” is a term that refers to animals that are not normally domesticated.
Wildlife
- enjoying of wildlife’s beauty and pleasure
Aesthetic Value
- studying and research of wildlife for their use in medications, integrated pest management, etc…
Scientific Value
- the interaction of wildlife in nature
Ecological Value
- using wildlife to earn money
Commercial Value
- the enjoyment value gained though hunting and fishing.
Game Value
It is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitats.
Wildlife Conservation
-learning how to conserve wildlife and its resources
Education
-using science to better understand the needs and requirements of wildlife and its habitat.
Research
-ensures that all laws related to wildlife are followed
Law Enforcement
-manipulation of wildlife to achieve a positive goal.
Wildlife Management
It is a protected area of land in which a typical ecosystem with all its wild plants and animals are protected and preserved in natural surroundings.
National Parks
There are ____National Parks in the Philippines and nearly _____protected areas.
35; 240
A _____is a protected area of land, wetland or sea reserved for the conservation of wild animals, birds and plants.
sanctuary
A specific category of protected area of land and/or coastal area wherein tribal people native to the area are an integral part of the system.
Biosphere reserves
is an international organization dedicated to finding “pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges”.
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources)
Species in which the last individuals has died or where systematic and time – appropriate surveys have been unable to log even a single individual.
Extinct (EX)
Species whose members survive only in captivity or as artificially supported populations far outside their historical geographic range (like in zoo).
Extinct in Wild (EW)
Species that possess an extremely high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 80 not more than 90% over the previous 10 years.
Currently population size is fewer than 50 individuals.
Critically Endangered (CR)
Species that possess a very high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 50 not more than 70 % over previous 10 years.
Currently population size is fewer than 250 individuals.
Endangered (EN)
Species that possess a very high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 30 not more than 50 % over previous 10 years.
Currently population size is fewer than 1000 individuals.
Vulnerable (VU)
- species that are close to becoming threatened or may meet the criteria for threatened status in the near future.
Near Threatened (NT)
- species that are abundant after careful assessment.
Least Concern (LC)
- species in which the amount of available data related to its risk of extinction is lacking in some way or not complete assessment available.
Data Deficient (DD)
- species describe by science but not assessed by he IUCN.
Not Evaluated (NE)
It is a community of trees, shrubs, herbs, and associated plants and organisms that cover a considerable area that use oxygen, water and soil nutrients as the community attains maturity and reproduce itself.
Forest
Forest provide protection against soil erosion, droughts, floods, noise, radiations etc.
Protective Functions
Forest provide various products like gum, resins, medicines, honey, pulp, bamboo, timber, fruits etc.
Productive Functions
Forest regulates the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere. The forest also help in regulating temperature condition.
Regulative Functions
Forest provides aesthetics, habitat to various flora and fauna besides that it also has an recreational value.
Accessory Functions
The area of land draining into a stream or a water course at a given location is known as ___
catchment area/ drainage area or drainage basin
The catchment feeds water into a holding area via rivers, streams and creeks. The water is then stored in a natural or artificial (manmade) barrier called __
dam or reservoir.
Growing plants and rearing animal for food, clothing, and other useful products is called ______.
A _____is plant cultivated by people.
Agriculture
crop
What major type of agriculture?
Fossil fuel energy
Heavy water use
Single crops (monoculture)
Mostly in developed countries
Industrialized agriculture
What major type of agriculture?
Form of industrial agricultural in tropical developing countries.
Banana, coffee, sugar cane, cocoa
Increasing large livestock
Plantation
What major type of agriculture?
Human labor and draft animals producing food for family survival.
Nomadic herding
Traditional Subsistence Agriculture
What major type of agriculture
Increasing human and animal labor, fertilizers, water to get higher yields.
Enough food for family and to sell locally
Traditional Intensive Agriculture
It is a tract of water withing an ocean. A large body of salt water completely or partially enclosed by land.
sea
It is a byproduct of combustion reactions, or the burning of certain fuels.
It can be emitted from gasoline – powered engines, natural gas heating system, oil, coal, propane, wood and other materials which may also release CO when burned.
Carbon monoxide
Is a metal found in natural deposits as ores containing other elements.
is a bluish-white lustrous metal
It is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity.
It is very resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air.
lead
It is a gaseous signaling molecule
colorless toxic gas that is formed by the oxidation of nitrogen.
combines with water vapor in the atmosphere to form nitric acid, which is one of the components of acid rain.
Nitrogen oxide
A gas composed of three atoms of oxygen
Bluish gas that is harmful to breathe
It absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called UVB
is a gas that occurs both in the earth’s upper atmosphere and at ground level.
Ozone
It is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical
E.g. dust, smoke, soot
The most harmful of all air pollutants
particulate matter
Colorless gas that is similar in smell to a matchstick being struck.
It has significant health and environmental effects, including the formation of acid rain and smog and influences global warming.
Sulfur oxide
It is a “change in the state of the climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time period.
climate change
include the presence of chemically active compounds that are discharged from industries.
Organic contaminants
The most harmful organic contaminants is the
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).
It was developed as the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in the 1940s.
It was initially used with great effect to combat malaria, typhus, and the other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations.
It also was effective for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).
It is the excessive enrichment of a body of water with minerals or nutrients which induces excessive growth of plants or algae.
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION Mainly arises from the oversupply of ______and _________.
phosphate ; nitrate nutrients
EUTROPHICATION Derived from the Greek word “___” which means “nourish well”.
eutrophia
What source of eutrophication?
Directly attributable to one influence.
- the nutrient waste travels directly from source of water.
- relatively easy to regulate
point sources
What source of eutrophication?
- comes from diffused sources
- difficult to regulate and usually vary spatially and temporally.
Non- point sources
also known as alien species, invasive species, non - indigenous species, and bio invaders.
exotic species
Any organisms that happens to live outside its natural distribution range as a consequence of anthropogenic activity, or activities through deliberate or accidental introduction to a new habitat.
exotic species
Species that have been moved by humans to areas outside of their native ranges.
Once transported, they become removed from the predators, parasites, and diseases that kept them balance in their native environments.
As a result of the loss of these controls, they often become pests in the areas into which they are introduced.
exotic species
It is used to provide stability and maneuverability during a voyage when ships are not carrying cargo, not carrying heavy enough cargo, or when more stability is required due to rough seas.
ballast water
is the annual average rate of change of population size, for a given country, territory, or geographic area, during a specified period.
Population growth rate (PGR)
the ________, aims to impart information about the distribution and status of threatened species, develop awareness about the importance of threatened biodiversity and guide their conservation programs and actions
World Conservation Union
