Population Change

Question 1

What are some pro-natalist policies implemented by France?

Answer 1

• £675 monthly for one year after the birth of a third child.
• Carte famille nombreuse: reduced fares for large families
• Reduced income taxes for more children
• 9 months paid parental leave for either parent
• Subsidised daycare for children

Question 2

What are some reasons Europe has suffered a low fertility rate?

Answer 2

• Education / knowledge of contraception
• Emancipated women -> careers mean later families
• Later marriages
• Pensions / state benefits mean no need for children

Question 3

Why was the one-child policy enforced in China?

Answer 3

In 1950 the population change was 1.9% each year

Question 4

What was the one-child policy?

Answer 4

Each couple was only allowed 1 child only, with increased access to education, childcare and healthcare for those who followed the rule.

Question 5

What were some problems of enforcing the one-child policy?

Answer 5

• People who resisted lost benefits
• The policy was resisted in rural areas so they were harder to control than urban areas.
• Forced abortions

Question 6

What was the impact of the one-child policy?

Answer 6

• Population change is now 0.7 percent
• Gender skew -> 90% aborted foetuses female + 114:100 ratio of men to women
• Ageing population
• Little emperor syndrome

Question 7

How many Eastern Europeans did the UK receive between 2004 - 2006

Answer 7

600,000

Question 8

What effect did Polish immigration to the UK have on Poland?

Answer 8

Advantages:

• Money sent home helped economy
• Polish infrastructure (education / relief) had less strain
• Gender skew as more males left the country
• Brain drain

Question 9

What was the effect of Polish immigration on the UK?

Answer 9

• More tax revenue
• Minimum wage hard labour jobs done
• Stress on resources (Peterborough)

Question 10

What are the birth and death rates for each stage in the demographic transition model?

Answer 10

1: High birth and death rate
2: High birth rate and rapidly decreasing death rate
3: Falling death rate and slower falling death rate
4: Low birth and death rate
5: Very low birth rate and death rate

Question 11

What is an example of a group in stage 1 of the population transition model?

Answer 11

The Matis tribe in the Amazon.