Changing Urban Envronments Flashcards
What are 5 named examples MEDC’s have taken to reduce traffic issues?
- London has implemented a congestion zone where people have to pay £8 per day to drive through
- Park and rides are places where people can park there cars and take buses into the city to save money on parking. Bristol in particular.
- Public transport that utilises alternate fuel sources to help pollution. London used hydrogen.
- Bristol implemented Residential parking bans unless you qualify for and purchase a permit at £90 per annum for one car.
- Car sharing lanes in Bristol.
List 5 reasons the CBD can fall into decay, and explain how they lead to CBD decentralisation.
-Land rent values too high
-Traffic is too congested
-Too much crime
-No retail diversity, eg 2 of the same chain in one place as an extreme
-Environmental degredation
This led to CBD decentralisation in our Bristol case study as these reasons made people want to go to a competitor. In this case Cribbs Causeway
What was Bristol’s response to CBD decentralisation?
Building Cabot’s circus, an all in one mall, leisure centre and foodery with a massive car park that stays open till late.
Why are urban populations growing? List 3 push and pull factors.
Push: -There are not many jobs in the countryside -Healthcare is worse in the countryside -Infrastructure is worse in the countryside Pull: -More jobs in the city -More 'exciting' in the city -More opportunity in the city
Why does racial segregation occur in cities? List 4 reasons.
- Language barriers
- Proximity to places of worship
- Safety in numbers
- Socioeconomic barriers
What has happened to combat racial segregation in Leeds?
- Listened to ethinic minorities
- Improved English teaching in schools where English is a second language
- Helped integrate ethnic minorities in the community, eg offered free gym passes
What are the two types of land sites in the UK?
Greenfield and Brownfield
What are the advantages to building on Greenfield sites?
- More freedom
- Attractive gardens
- Attracts families to fulfill increasing demands for family housing
- Cost less to build
- Pleasant place to live in
- Purchasing the plots are cheaper
What are the advantages to buildings Brownfield sites?
- Easier to obtain planning permission
- Can be worth a lot if built in the city
- Makes the area more attractive once built
- Utilities already available
- Shorter commuter times for people moving in
What is gentrification?
When wealthy people move in and make an area more wealthy
<p>What are the four land uses in Bristol? Give named examples.</p>
<p>CBD: Broadmead/Cabots</p>
<p>Inner City: Stokes Croft</p>
<p>Suburbs: Clifton</p>
<p>Rural-Urban Fringe: Willsbridge/p>
</p>
Why has urbanisation increased?
Rural to urban migration
-
Why are people migrating from rural to urban areas?
Pull:
- Better infrastructure
- Better healthcare
- Better education
- More supplies/shopping
- More jobs
- Better internet/communications
- Better wages
Push:
- Mechanisation and automation of agriculture
- Isolation
What are some features of squatter settlements?
- Informal employment
- Makeshift housing
- Open sewers/other evidence of poor hygiene
- Irregular housing arrangements
- No utilities
Why is rapid urbanisation in poorer countries a problem?
There is not enough time to create houses or jobs so people will disperse around the city to form slums and squatter settlements.
