Population Change Flashcards
What are the 5 stages of the DTM?
High Fluctuating Early Expanding Late Expanding Low Fluctuating Decline
What are the 3 lines on the DTM?
Birth Rates
Death Rates
Total Population
What falls first Death or Birth Rate?
Death Rate
What is on the x and y axis on the DTM?
x=Time
y=Birth/Death per thousand
Why might birth rates drop in Stage 3?
Decline in IMR
What are the four causes of population change?
Agriculture
Urbanisation
Education
Status in Women
Explain how Agriculture affects population
More food so lower Death Rate
Lower IMR because of better food
Lower Birth Rate because less children are dying because of better food
Explain how Urbanisation affects population
Better services in city so lower Death Rate
Do not have children for farming so lower Birth Rate
Explains how Education affects population
People know how to be healthy and look after themselves so lower Death Rate
Better standard of living because they have jobs so lower IMR and Birth Rate
Explain how Status of Women affects population
Women have freedom so have less children, Birth Rate declines
What is the gap between Birth Rate and Death Rate on the DTM?
Natural Increase
What stage of the DTM is a Youthful Population?
2 and 3
What stage on the DTM is an Ageing Population?
4 and 5
Why does death rate fall below birth rate in Stage 5?
An ageing population means that more old people are now dying of cancer and heart disease and most of the population is over 65.
Explain the population in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Birth Rates are high and Death Rates fall so population grows rapidly, causing a youthful population.
What do concave sides on a population pyramid suggest?
High Death Rates
Youthful Population
Not many people over 60
High Birth Rate
What do convex sides on a population pyramid suggest ?
Low Death Rate
Ageing Population
What does a triangle pyramid suggest?
Falling Death Rate
How can you see the life expectancy in a population pyramid?
How many bars above 60
What are the sections in the Population Pyramid?
Non economically active sector
Economically active sector 15-60
What is a cohort?
A bar on the sex age pyramid
Why do poor countries have a youthful population?
There is a high IMR
Birth Rate is high because mothers have more children so one survives
High death rate because of poor standard of living
What is ageing population?
Increasing larger percentage of the country is above 60 and the life expectancy is increasing
Define dependancy ratio
How many non econmical people depend on the economically active sector
Give three economic impacts of an ageing population in the UK?
- Grey pound, elderly contribute £215 billion
- Healthcare costs
- Increase of taxes for more people on pensions
Give three strategies to an ageing population in the Uk
- Welcome young migrant workers
- Increase retirement and pension age
- Provide healthcare in homes
Define ant-natilst policy
Policy to stop people having as many children (China one child policy)
Define pro-natalist policy
Policy to encourage people to have children (Russia sex day)
Define migration
The movement of people from one place to another
Define forced migration
Where people are forced to migrate because of war or natrual disasters
Define voluntery migration
Where people choose to migrate becasue of weather, employment etc
Define refugee
People who are forced to leave their home because of war or persecution etc
Define asylum seeker
A refugee who makes a formal aplication to stay and live in the country when they move there
What is exponential growth?
Where the population gowns incredibly fast and out of control
