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Geography Notes 223 > Coastal Zones > Flashcards

Coastal Zones Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Weathering

A

Disintegration or decay of rocks from their original place

Breakdown of material

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2
Q

Define Erosion

A

Disintegration or decay of material anywhere through movement, contact or water
Removal of rocks

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3
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of destructive waves

A

Erode the coast
Weak Swash
Strong backwash
[ High amplitude and short wavelength]

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4
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of constructive waves

A

Create beaches
Strong Swash
Weak Backwash
[ Low amplitude and long wavelength]

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5
Q

Describe Biological Weathering

A

Actions of plants and animals, for example plant roots expanding in cracks, plants growing in the cliff and animals burrowing.

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6
Q

Describe Chemical Weathering

A

Slightly acidic rain erodes rock like limestone, dissolves it away

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7
Q

Describe Physical Weathering

A

Freeze thaw weathering - Water expanding in gaps and making them larger
Exfoliation - Rocks expanding and contracting which causes the outer layer to flake off

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8
Q

Describe the process of long shore drift

A

Waves approach the coast at an angle because of wind
Swash deposits material at the same angle
Backwash takes it back at perpendicular angle because of gravity
The zig zag movement causes movement of sediment along the beach

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9
Q

Why does deposition occur in bays

A

The water has to travel further so it looses energy and deposits the material in the bay

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10
Q

Define a concordant bay

A

Layers of hard and soft rock parallel to coastline

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11
Q

Define discordant bay

A

Layers of hard and soft rock perpendicular to coastline

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12
Q

Define headland

A

A point of high land that juts out into the sea

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13
Q

Define bay

A

Broad coast inlet that often has a beach

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14
Q

Define wave cut platfotm

A

Smooth rock where the cliff used to be, often covered in sand

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15
Q

What is the sequence of erosion of a headland to a stump

A 
Crack/Crevice
Cave
Arch
Stack
Stump
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16
Q

Define beach

A

Area of deposited sediment on the coast between mainland and the sea
Sandy beaches are found in sheltered bay

17
Q

Define Wave diffraction

A

The waves spreading out as they pass through two headlands, reducing energy and increasing deposition

18
Q

Define spit

A

A narrow area of land extending into the sea from deposited sediment from long shore drift

19
Q

Define bar

A

Spit formed across a bay trapping water and causing a lagoon

20
Q

Give 3 causes of rising sea level and coastal flooding

A

Global warming and expansion of water particles
Storm Surges
Sun and Moon in alignment causes high tide in the spring

21
Q

Give the 3 dune names

A

Embryo dunes
Yellow/Grey Dunes
Mature dunes

22
Q

Give 4 conditions of a sand dune ecosystem

A

Extreme arid conditions
Alkaline conditions
Prevailing winds
Exposed large area

23
Q

Define concordant coast

A

Geology parallel to coast

24
Q

Define discordant coast

A

Geology perpendicular to coast

25
Q

Define Corrosion

A

Chemical Weathering especially limestone

26
Q

Define Hydraulic Action

A

Sheer force of the waves

27
Q

Define Cavitation

A

Air forced into cracks by water making it bigger

28
Q

Define Abrasion

A

Suspending particles making waves more erosive

29
Q

How are sand dunes formed?

A

Sand is deposited on the beach by long-shore drift, and the wind blows the sand onto the land
Sand dries between periods of high and low tide and is trapped in plants like seaweed forming a dune.

30
Q

Define Swash

A

Movement of water up the beach at an angle, determined by prevailing winds

31
Q

Define Backwash

A

Movement of water back down the beach into the sea at a right angle to the coast, determined by gravity

32
Q

Give 3 factors effecting the size of a wave

A

Strength of the wind
How long the wind blows for
Length of water the wind blows over (fetch)

33
Q

How are waves formed?

A

Air pressure creates waves

Friction between the water and the beach causes the wave to slow down causing the wave to break

34
Q

Define Mass Movement

A

Downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity.

35
Q

Give 3 examples of Mass Movement

A

Rockfalls
Rotational Slip
Landslide

36
Q

Give 3 times when deposition occurs

A

Constructive waves when swash is dominant
Sheltered area in a bay between two headlands
Weak currents

Geography Notes 223 (8 decks)

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