Population Ao2 Flashcards
Talk about population number increase in the past
From 1820 to 1950, the population steadily increased from 1 billion to 2.5 billion. However, from 1950 onwards, the population suddenly increased to just 7 billion in 69 years.
Talk about future population numbers
The UN projects it will reach 9 billion by 2050, though growth rates are slowing.
How many people live in Asia?
4.5 billion
60% of the worlds population
What is the smallest continent refering to population density
Oceania- 1%
Talk about Bangladesh and population density
Bangladesh – One of the most densely populated countries, with over 1,200 people per km², due to fertile land and a dependence on agriculture.
Compare Niger and Japan in reference to change rates
Niger – With Lagos being one of the highest fertility rates in the world with a population exceeding 20 million due to job opportunities in the industrial and service sectors
Japan’s - population is declining due to low birth rates and an aging population.
Talk about Japan and urbanisation
Japan- Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area in the world with over 37 million residents. Growth stabilized due to Japan’s declining birth rate, but urban density remains high.
Talk about how Ethiopia’s climate affects population
This country has a largly diverse climate zones whoch impact population distributions with highland areas supporting dense settlements due to moderate temperatures and fertile soils, while arid regions face lower population densities.
Talk about Bangladeshi soil impact on population
The floodplains have nutrient rick soils supporting high agricultural yield, but desert regions have infertile soils limiting human habitation
Talk about Egypt’s natural resources effect on population
The Nile River sustains dense populations (95% if population live along the river) by providing water for irrigation and industry, however areas in the egyption desert have sparsly populated areas.
What is an example of one of the first agricultural tribes?
Mesopotamia- allowed permanent settlements and population growth.
Talk about the UK in the industrial revolution
The UK- Rapid urbanisation as people moved from rural areas to cities for job opportinites leading to high birth and low death rates.
Talk about india in the green revolution
India- The adoption of high-yield wheat varieties increased food production reducing food insecurity
Talk about how germany counteract ageing populations
Immigration policies have been adjusted to counteract labor shortages caused by an aging workforce.
Talk about the maldives and climate change
At risk of becoming uninhabitable due to rising sea levels, prompting climate-induced migration.
Give some facts about food consumption
Africa consumes the least calories out of every continent: over 27% of Africa’s population
are affected by severe food insecurity.
● North America has the highest consumption rate, followed by Europe.
● Asia’s consumption rate has seen the quickest growth; China’s consumption has increased by nearly 1000 calories in 50 years.
Talk about the green revolution
The Green Revolution occurred in the 1970s and 80s due to research increasing agricultural output. It includes: increased uses of fertilizers and increased mass farming. This lead to:
- Industrialization of farming
- Decreases in family farms
- Increased Productivity
- Globalisation
Talk about the fourth revolution
In agricultural revolution refers to the anticipated changes from new technologies, particularly in AI, to make smarter planning decisions. Robots can be used for growing and picking crops, weeding, milking, livestock and distributing agrochemicals via things like drones. Other farming techniques like gene editing, disease resistant, crops and vertical farms. These technologies are attracting new investment to boost food production, while minimising further environmental degregation
Talk about GM crops and the fourth revolution
GM Crops- These are plants which have been modified using technology to insert dna into the genome of an organism in order for it to have desirable characteristics. These would become incredibly common in everyday life, with approximately 90% of soybeans, corn and sugar beets being GMOS and worldwide they are taking up 180.4 million hectares, a significant increase from in 2000 and three. They are most commonly engineered to be resistant to insect damage, tolerant to herbicides and resistant to plant viruses, helping them to produce higher yields
Talk about vertical farming and the fourth revolution
Vertical Farming- This is growing food that uses vertical surfaces, as opposed to traditional horizontal farming, In the U. S, there are over 2300 indoor growing facilities, with many benefits to vertical farming, including high productivity, due to the fact they take up less space and all year round production.
Talk about drones and the fourth revolution
Drones- Drones provide detailed data about the crop and soil health that can be used to make informed decisions about managing fields. They can also be used to spray crops efficiently with applying fertilisers and pesticides to increase yield. They can also manage and count livestock to detect diseases or stress to optimise health. They reduce the need for excessive pesticides used by targeting only areas that need it, which reduces environmental benefits. However, they do need specialised knowledge to fly the drones.
How has meat production changed?
Meat Production- Has increased by 260 million tonnes from 1960 with Asia producing over 100 million tonnes due to their high population.
Talk about climate smart agriculture
The UN had a conferance in 2012 on ‘agriculture, food security and climate change’ (CSA) and formed an initative to help with the challenges assosiated with climate change looking at the issues through economic, social and environmental angles.
Talk about universal basic income as a way of combatting food insecurity
This is the idea that a government will give everyone a sum of money to cover any basic expensise regardless of their means.
PROS- people may be more motivated to pick a job they enjoy not cause it earns them a lot of money, reduces the inequality gap, encourages more spending which helps boost the economy, combats homelessness
CONS- it could stimulate inflation due to increased disposable income, may make people unmotivated to work as they already have the money, surpuls migration puts a strain on services, expensive, taxes may increase.
Talk about food insecurity of somalia
August 2014- 3 million people in crisis as a consequence of civil war in Somalia, this lead to restriction of trade and humanitarian support. As a result, widespread poverty caused over 1 million individuals to be classified under crisis and emergency levels of food insecurity. This escpecially affacted children under 5 with 218,000 suffered from acute malnutrition.
This was also catalysed by delayed and erratic rainfall resulting in a cereal harvest 37% below avergae and also led to water shortages and deminished livestock productivity.
What is the green revolution?
This is a mid 20th century revolution which introduced advanced agricultural technologies to developing countries helping enhance food security.
Central to the Green Revolution were the development of high crop yielding varietues. These HYVs were engineered for increased productivity and often exhibited resistance to pests and diseases. They also helped advancements in irrigation techniques, expanded use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improved farm management practices. Collectively, these innovations led to unprecedented increases in crop yields across various regions.
Talk about the success of the green revolution
The green revolution is thought to be responsible for increased calorie intake in low income countries raising grain yields by 160%. Rice Production in the Philippines: The introduction of the IR8 rice variety, known as “miracle rice,” played a pivotal role in increasing rice yields. Between 1966 and 1986, annual rice production in the Philippines surged from 3.7 million to 7.7 million tons.
compare cancer incidence and mortality in Africa and North America
Africa: 79 cases per 100,000; 55 deaths → 70% mortality rate
North America: 510 cases per 100,000; 197 deaths → 39% mortality rate
This highlights disparities in treatment access and healthcare quality.
Talk about HALE
Healthy Life Expactancy( HALE)- This is what the world health organisation uses to refer to how long a person can be expected to live in good health without significant disease or injury. 2019 figures show a global average of 65.7 years with Europe and Western Oceania having the highest at both over 68 years and Africa having the lowest at 56 years. HALE is increasing in every region
How much of disease risk comes from environmental factors
70-90%
Talk about climate’s effect on health
Temperature- more infectious diseases in tropical areas as warmer temperatures encourage disease vectors. Also, extreme cold can lead to more flu and extreme heat can lead to more heat stroke- especially for the physically vulnerable.
Sunlight- Skin cancers from over exposure, lack of sunlight leading to vitamin D defficiency and poor mental health- SAD
Precipitation- Flooding leads to the contamination of water supplies with raw sewage so that water borne diseases such as thyphoid and cholera are more prevalant. Also disease vectors thrive in wet climates and can become more concentrated in water supplies in areas of low rainfall
