Population Flashcards
the physical and human factors that influence population distribution
physical factors
climate - few people live where the climates arer extreme
soil - areas with fertile soil are very crowded. areas with poor soils are sparsely populated
relief- people preffer to live in flat, lowland areas
resoureces- population density is higher where there are natrual resources
human factors
communications and trandport links - areas where there are many troads etc are more crowded
thecnoligical development- countries with advanced technilogy have higher population densities
economic avtivity - regions where the main activity is industy have high population densities
the reasons for high and low birth rates
reasons for higher birth rates in developing countries
- children can take care of parents in their old age
- children can help their families on farms or by earning money
- infant mortality death rates are high in developing countries therefore they have more babies to ensure survival
- there is a lack of contraception and family planning and a lack of education around the topic
- in some cultures larger families have a high status
reasons for low birth rates in developed countries
- more women work and have a career rather than having children
- people are getting married later in life at an older age
- contraception and family planning are widely avalable and sex education is a topic that is taught in schools
- children are very expensive to raise
the reasons for high and low death rates
reasons for high death rates in developing countries
- there is a lack of clean water therefore disease and death from dehydration is more prominent
- many people live in poor housing with poor sanitation
- many people do not have enough to eat- die of starvation
- diseases are more widespread e.g. cholera and malaria
- there are fewer medical facilities and doctors available
developed countries have low death rates because
- they have access to safe clean water
- proper sanitation facilities are provided - therefore disease is not so much of an issue
- people are generally well fed
- there are advanced medical facilities and advice/ education avaliable
explain how indicators of development show if a country is developed
economic indicators:
GDP - reflects what goods they export, primary industries
GNP- reflects economic growth, what goods they export, primary industry
energy used per person- reflects the technological advancement
people employed in agriculture - reflects the lack of machinery so need more people, may be no/limited skilled workers
social indicators:
access to safe water- reflects the level of sanitation and access to basic services
adult literacy- reflects the level of education in country, the number of teacher ( it takes 4 years to become a teacher) the facility and resources that are available
life expectancy - reflects the provision of health care and education in a country
infant mortality rate- reflects the quality of post- natal care for the mother and child as well as quality of diet and prevalence of disease
the DTM
stage 1 - a high stationary population
- both birth rates and death rates are very high
- total population is very low
- natural increase is low
very few countries are in stage 1 only remote groups in the rainforest
stage 2- an early expanding population
- birth rates are still high
- death rates are falling
- total population is increasing
- natural increase is high
Malawi and Bangladesh
stage 3- a late expanding population
- birth rates are falling
- death rates are continuing to fall
- total population is increasing
- natural increase is quite high
a country such as brazil
stage 4- a low stationary population
- birth and death rates are low
total population is steady
natural increase is very low
country UK and USA
stage 5- a declining population
- death rates remain low
- birth rates are low and decreasing
- total population is decreasing
- natural increase is negative
country Australia and Germany
